付晓航 张顺亮 臧明伍 王守伟 刘梦 李素 赵燕 赵建生 赵冰 潘晓倩 吴倩蓉 刘博文
摘 要:随着国内外消费者对健康饮食关注度的不断提高,食品工业中人工合成类抗氧化剂和抑菌剂的健康属性受到越来越多的质疑,而天然活性成分由于符合“清洁标签”消费需求,日益受到生产者和消费者的青睐。本文综述肉制品加工过程中常用的植物抗氧化成分和抑菌成分的种类和来源,阐述其在肉制品加工和贮藏过程中的抗氧化与抑菌作用机理,总结在常见肉制品中的应用形式及使用量,以期为植物活性成分在肉制品防腐保鲜中的应用提供理论参考。
关键词:肉制品;
加工;
植物活性成分;
抗氧化;
抑菌
Advances in Application of Natural Active Ingredients from Plants in Preservation of Meat Products
FU Xiaohang1, ZHANG Shunliang1, ZANG Mingwu1,*, WANG Shouwei1,*, LIU Meng1, LI Su1, ZHAO Yan1,
ZHAO Jiansheng2, ZHAO Bing1, PAN Xiaoqian1, WU Qianrong1, LIU Bowen1
(1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, China Meat Research Center, Beijing 100068, China;
2.Henan Meat Technology Innovation Center Co. Ltd., Luohe 462000, China)
Abstract:
As consumers become increasingly concerned about dietary health, the health attributes of synthetic antioxidants and antibacterial agents used in the food industry are increasingly questioned, but natural active ingredients are increasingly preferred by producers and consumers due to their compliance with “clean labelling” requirements. The types and sources of natural antioxidant and antibacterial ingredients from plants commonly used in meat processing are reviewed in this paper. The mechanisms of their antioxidant and antibacterial effects in the processing and storage of meat products are also described. Furthermore, their forms and optimal concentrations for application in meat products are summarized. We expect that this review will provide a theoretical reference for the application of natural active ingredients from plants in the preservation of meat products.
Keywords:
meat products; processing; natural active ingredients from plants; antioxidant; antibacterial
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20230423-033
中图分类号:TS251.1 文獻标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2023)06-0041-10
引文格式:
付晓航, 张顺亮, 臧明伍, 等. 植物活性成分在肉制品防腐保鲜中的应用研究进展[J]. 肉类研究, 2023, 37(6):
41-50. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20230423-033. http://www.rlyj.net.cn
FU Xiaohang, ZHANG Shunliang, ZANG Mingwu, et al. Advances in application of natural active ingredients from plants in preservation of meat products[J]. Meat Research, 2023, 37(6):
41-50. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20230423-033. http://www.rlyj.net.cn
肉类食品是人类饮食的基本组成部分,也是人类蛋白质、维生素和矿物质的优质来源[1]。肉制品营养丰富,故在加工和贮藏过程中易发生由氧化和微生物引起的品质劣变,表现出异味、营养价值下降甚至腐败等现象[2]。尤其是当肉中富含不饱和脂肪酸与胆固醇时,切碎、热加工等处理使游离脂肪酸和氧气充分接触,从而加速肉制品氧化[3-4]。加工、运输过程中由微生物污染导致的肉类腐败,极易引起肉的色泽、风味、质地等变化,甚至会产生有毒代谢物质,威胁人体健康。为延缓肉制品中的脂质和蛋白质氧化,防止微生物污染与增殖,肉制品加工中通常会使用合成抗氧化剂及抑菌剂,以达到防腐保鲜的目的,如抗氧化剂丁基羟基茴香醚(butylhydroxyanisole,BHA)和二丁基羟基甲苯(butylatedhydroxytoluene,BHT)或抑菌剂(如硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐),大量研究表明,这些化合物的食用与人类一些慢性疾病的发展存在一定的相关性[5]。
食品“清洁标签”起源于欧盟,主要为满足消费者对天然或绿色食品的需求,在产品中尽量去除或替换人造或化学添加剂,使产品成分天然、有机、不含复杂的化学成分且制成过程越简单越好。已有多项研究将水果、草药和蔬菜等提取物作为合成添加剂的替代品应用于肉制品加工中[5-8]。植物活性成分不仅能够延缓肉制品在贮藏期间的蛋白和脂质氧化,还能起到抑菌作用,以延长肉制品货架期[9]。这些植物活性成分在增强食品成分稳定性的同时,还可以维持其初始的感官特性[10]。
本文通过总结近几年肉制品中植物抗氧化和抑菌成分的应用研究进展,对植物活性成分种类和来源、防腐保鲜作用机理及在肉制品中的应用效果进行综述,并对植物活性成分在肉制品保鲜防腐中的应用提出展望,以期为植物活性成分在肉制品中的应用提供理论参考。
1 天然活性成分种类与来源
天然活性成分在自然界中分布广泛,其中植物是天然活性成分的良好来源。植物活性成分是植物的次生代谢产物,主要来源于蔬菜、水果、油料作物种子、树木、精油及中草药的茎、果实、叶、花等部位,具有分布范围广、含量高、效果好等特点[11]。可将提取出的植物活性成分分为酚类、萜烯类、黄酮类化合物等[12],这些天然活性成分不属于植物的营养部分,但可以在食品中起到抗氧化、抑菌的功能。表1总结了植物活性成分的分类及其主要代表性化合物。
2 植物活性成分抗氧化与抑菌作用机理
2.1 植物活性成分的抗氧化作用机理
在肉制品加工和贮藏过程中,蛋白质和脂质会持续地进行氧化降解反应[13],其过程如图1所示。蛋白质氧化机制主要通过活性自由基和由脂质氧化产生的中间产物间接引发蛋白质的共价修饰变化,从而引发蛋白质氧化,而脂质氧化机制主要包括链引发、链传递和链终止。蛋白质和脂质氧化二者相互促进,导致肉制品品质下降[14]。
植物抗氧化成分大部分是通过破坏氧化链反应、螯合过渡金属离子、清除自由基和反应物质来达到抗氧化的作用,如圖1所示。抗氧化成分的有效性取决于其分子结构和极性,根据其作用机制可以分为Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类抗氧化成分[15]。Ⅰ类抗氧化成分根据分子的化学性质,可以作为自由基受体清除、延迟或抑制自氧化的起始步骤或中断传播步骤(主要发生在链引发、链传递和链终止阶段),其机理包括与不饱和脂肪酸缓慢反应或与过氧自由基快速反应生成稳定自由基,而稳定的自由基可能会与过氧自由基再次反应生成稳定的过氧化物,或与抗氧化成分再聚合。Ⅱ类抗氧化成分可以通过螯合具有催化作用的金属离子,为初始抗氧化成分提供氢离子,将过氧化氢分解为非自由基物质,使单线态氧失活,吸收紫外线辐射,清除活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS),对初级抗氧化剂的抗氧化活性起到增强作用[15]。
2.2 植物活性成分的抑菌作用机理
大多数植物活性成分具有抑菌特性是由于它们与微生物的部分细胞位点相互作用,从而导致细胞膜破裂、细胞质壁分离、细胞死亡[16]。这种作用机理主要分为3 类:1)对于菌体细胞壁和细胞膜的破坏。细胞壁和细胞膜通透性、完整性的破坏导致营养物质及代谢产物无法正常传递,微生物因营养缺失而无法正常生长、屏障功能受损,细胞内容物如细胞器渗出,最终致使细胞失活死亡[17];
2)对蛋白质和遗传物质结构的破坏。植物活性成分进入细胞内与极性物质结合,导致DNA无法正常进行复制或通过影响功能性蛋白和酶的活性抑制细胞
生长[18];
3)对菌体内能量代谢过程的干扰。植物活性成分通过破坏细胞供氧功能抑制微生物呼吸,使合成代谢通路受阻,最终导致细胞自溶[19]。植物活性成分主要抑菌作用模式如图2所示。
3 植物活性成分在肉制品中的应用效果
3.1 植物活性成分抗氧化应用效果
3.1.1 果蔬来源的植物活性成分抗氧化应用效果
果蔬中不仅有对人体有益的维生素、膳食纤维及矿物质等,而且具有的高含量酚类物质可以作为天然抗氧化剂应用于肉制品加工中,水果的果皮、果肉和种子等副产物均表现出一定的抗氧化活性,它们的抗氧化能力与酚类物质的含量有关。
浆果是生物活性化合物的重要来源,是多酚类物质(酚酸、黄酮醇、花青素和单宁等)最丰富的来源之一,因此从浆果中获得的提取物会显示出很强的抗氧化活性[20]。Martín-Mateos等[21]将不同比例的樱桃提取物添加于牛肉饼中发现,当樱桃提取物的含量增加到6%以上时,作为α-生育酚异构体的VE含量及苯酚含量增加,且总抗氧化活性增强;
与未添加提取物相比,樱桃提取物可以显著改善汉堡中牛肉饼的脂质和蛋白氧化程度。此外,添加0.2%黑桑葚水提取物和7.5%黑莓果渣提取物均可以显著抑制牛肉饼的脂质氧化程度[22]。其他浆果提取物,如野樱莓、蓝莓、红醋栗果渣提取物对肉饼的总羰基含量有显著影响[23],改善了牛肉饼的蛋白质氧化程度,但抑制蛋白质氧化效果不如脂质氧化明显,其原因可能与酚类物质和蛋白质之间的共价和非共价相互作用相关[24],在猪肉饼中添加的巴西莓果肉提取物(250 mg/kg)可以作为异抗坏血酸钠(500 mg/kg)的天然抗氧化剂替代品[25]。而与BHT相比,葡萄籽提取物对于干发酵猪肉香肠的抗氧化效果更佳[26]。
叶子中酚类化合物含量通常高于果实,因此有研究将黑樱桃叶提取物作为天然抗氧化剂应用于肉制品中,在冷藏期间提取物可以维持α-生育酚含量稳定,并在其添加量为0.05%、0.10%时有效抑制牛肉汉堡的脂质氧化程度,且在0.10%的添加量下延长了其保质期、增强了风味、提高了嫩度及整体质量[27]。番石榴叶提取物同样可以有效减缓新鲜猪肉肠的脂质氧化过程,添加量为5 000 mg/kg的番石榴叶提取物与200 mg/kg的BHT对猪肉肠具有相同的抑制脂肪氧化能力。水果不同部位的提取物在肉制品加工过程中均表现出一定的抗氧化活性,如香蕉花、芒果皮、荔枝籽等[28-30]。香蕉的雄花作为香蕉作物的主要残留物之一,具有高含量的抗氧化化合物。Rodrigues等[28]测定香蕉的各部分提取物发现,雄花提取物的抗氧化活性最强,其对贮藏期间猪肉肠的脂质氧化具有显著的抑制作用;
而在鸡肉肠中添加4%的芒果皮提取物不仅可以抑制蛋白质氧化和脂质氧化,还可以明显改善鸡肉肠的质量[29]。在生肉酱中添加荔枝籽提取物可以显著抑制脂质氧化,并且不会对肉酱的感官特性产生不良影响[30]。
将富含硝酸盐的蔬菜应用于肉制品中可以有效替代亚硝酸钠,如将菠菜[31]、生菜和芹菜应用于腌制肉制品中[32],将萝卜和甜菜根应用于发酵肉制品中不仅可以起到抗氧化作用,还能维持肉制品的色泽[33]。其中,萝卜粉对发酵香肠的脂质氧化具有显著抑制作用[34]。
3.1.2 草药和香料类来源植物活性成分抗氧化应用效果
草药和香辛料含有的黄酮类化合物、苯酚、皂苷等均具有较强的抗氧化性。有研究[35]将栓皮栎叶作为天然抗氧化剂应用于食品中,发现各浓度的栓皮栎叶提取物均可抑制鸡胸肉的脂质氧化,2%栓皮烁叶提取物(水、乙醇体积比1∶1或3∶7)抑制鸡胸肉氧化能力与BHT(溶于0.1%乙醇)相当。Boeira等[36]将柠檬草提取物作为天然抗氧化剂加入到鸡肉肠中,与0.1%的异抗坏血酸钠相比,0.5%、1.0%的柠檬草提取物均可有效抑制脂质氧化,并有效保持鸡肉香肠冷藏时间到42 d;
在猪肉饼中添加0.075、0.150 μL/g的百里香提取物,不仅可以改善色泽、延长货架期,还可以显著降低蛋白质和脂质氧化程度(P<0.05),且添加提取物组的硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARs)值始终保持在0.5 mg MDA/kg以下[37]。
有研究对比了不同草药或香辛料的抗氧化能力。Martinez等[38]在牛肉餅或新鲜猪肉肠中添加琉璃苣籽粕、绿茶提取物可以显著抑制脂质氧化[39],为进一步确定每种提取物的最适浓度,通过向羊排喷洒不同浓度提取物发现,0.5%绿茶提取物和10%琉璃苣提取物可以有效抑制羊排的脂质氧化并保持产品色泽稳定,在降低高铁肌红蛋白形成、延长保质期的同时,不改变羊肉的特有风味[40]。与添加异抗坏血酸钠组相比,0.05%的针叶樱桃果粉、甘草提取物和迷迭香提取物均降低了鳄肉的TBARs值,且甘草提取物(500 mg/kg)在鳄肉块中发挥的氧化抑制作用最强[41]。在其他研究中,甘草提取物可有效抑制猪肉汉堡的脂质氧化,生姜提取物能够显著抑制羊肉中蛋白质和脂质氧化(P<0.05)[42]。
3.1.3 其他来源植物活性成分抗氧化应用效果
农业食品加工废物再利用在近年来逐渐受到重视,许多研究通过对加工废物的提取,发现其作为天然抗氧化剂的潜力并应用于肉制品中。酿造葡萄酒所需的木桶在制造过程中会产生大量的废弃物,而优质橡木中含有大量酚类物质,Soriano等[43]将橡木提取物与合成添加剂抗坏血酸钠相比,橡木提取物(0.5%、0.1%)具有更高的抗氧化能力,显著抑制了猪肉的脂质氧化和大肠杆菌的生长。橄榄油废料提取物也可以延缓羊肉饼变色,极显著抑制羊肉饼脂质氧化(P<0.01),并使羊肉饼可以在4 ℃高氧气调包装条件下贮藏长达9 d[44]。
植物活性成分在肉制品中的抗氧化应用部分研究如表2所示。
3.2 植物活性成分抑菌应用效果
3.2.1 果蔬来源的植物活性成分抑菌应用效果
果蔬中富含β-胡萝卜素、抗坏血酸、核黄素和叶酸等功能活性成分,具备一定的抑菌活性。甜菜根富含多酚化合物、甜菜碱和抗坏血酸,研究证实甜菜根提取物对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌具有抑制作用,其对单核细胞增生李斯特菌最小抑菌质量浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)为20 mg/mL[46-47]。Gong Shaoying等[48]将甜菜根提取物应用于熟猪肉中发现,提取物可以抑制单核细胞增生李斯特菌的生长,并且降低其在细胞内ATP水平,甜菜根通过降低ROS水平来诱导单核细胞增生李斯特菌凋亡样死亡,但具体机制还需进一步研究。
添加1.0%或1.5%石榴皮提取物的水牛肉与添加0.01%的BHT相比,显示出更强的抑菌活性,可将货架期延长7 d[49]。用450 μg/g的葡萄籽、葡萄渣提取物和柑橘提取物处理牛肉饼后发现,添加柑橘提取物的牛肉饼具有更低的菌落总数、大肠菌群数和乳酸菌数,通过破坏细胞膜降低细胞活力,从而对细菌起到抑制作用[50]。
3.2.2 草药和香料植物精油抑菌应用效果
草药和香辛料植物精油是由植物活性成分混合而成的疏水性液体,其抑菌活性和植物活性成分对细菌细胞结构的作用有关,精油可以直接靶向作用于细菌细胞,其中含有的抑菌成分可以显著降低食品中微生物及酶的活性,并被食品和药物管理局评定为公认安全的食品添加剂。
一项研究将丁香精油应用于猪肉后发现,丁香精油通过抑制金黄色葡萄球菌基因表达从而抑制了金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,贮藏7 d内在抑菌的同时保持了猪肉品质[51]。
而各添加量的百里香精油均可抑制肉肠中凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌的生长、减少微生物数量,百里香精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的MIC均为9.17 mg/mL,对其最小杀菌质量浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC)分别为9.17、36.68 mg/mL,其在最高添加量下(0.95%)会抑制需氧嗜温细菌,可以作为肉肠中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的替代物[52]。Karam等[53]向腌制牛肉中直接添加百里香和牛至精油,混合精油对荧光假单胞菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为2.250 0、1.125 5、0.560 0 g/L,MBC分别为2.250 0、2.250 0、1.125 0 g/L,在0.8%添加量下对腌制牛肉中的酵母菌、霉菌及大肠菌群表现出很强的抗菌活性。而在羊肉中添加肉桂精油可以显著降低菌落总数、乳酸菌和肠杆菌科的数量[54]。
肉制品中的蛋白质、脂质等与抑菌成分的相互作用会影响抑菌剂的效果和稳定性[55],植物精油由于其挥发性的特点易被迅速消耗[56];
一些亲脂性食物成分(蛋白质和脂肪)会与精油相互作用,使其有效浓度降低;
天然活性成分在水相中的溶解度有限,所以当天然活性物质应用于食品体系中,生物活性的显著下降会导致抑菌活性降低[57]。已有文献[58]表明,百里香精油可以降低肉中单核细胞增生李斯特菌数量,但由于蛋白质和脂质的存在,其抑菌能力下降;
Cava等[59]研究发现,肉桂精油和丁香精油在脂肪存在的条件下对单核细胞增生李斯特菌的抑菌活性降低,可能是由于蛋白质或脂肪通过吸收精油而屏蔽了抑菌作用[60]。一项研究在牛肉饼贮藏期间添加了黄芩叶片提取的精油发现,黄芩叶片精油对单核细胞增生李斯特菌的MIC和MBC均为2 mg/mL,对大肠杆菌的MIC和MBC分别为4、2 mg/mL,精油可以抑制大肠杆菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌的生长,但到15 d后又重新生长,分析原因可能是精油与肉类成分的相互作用降低了其抑菌能力[61]。
一部分植物精油难溶于水、易挥发的特性会限制其应用于肉制品加工过程中,所以一般采用水包油乳液作为载体来保护精油活性[62],如改善疏水性化合物在整个食品基质中的溶解度和均匀分布性,即使在浓度较低的情况下也可以具备更高的稳定性及抑菌活性[63]。将含有生姜精油的纳米乳液(6%)应用于鸡胸肉,在贮藏期12 d内总需氧嗜冷菌显著减少,抗菌活性显著提高(P<0.05)[63]。而含有肉桂精油和迷迭香提取物的纳米乳液对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有显著的抑菌活性,与其他处理相比,纳米乳液可以使鸡肉饼的货架期延长4 d[64]。
此外,与散装肉桂精油相比,肉桂精油纳米乳液不仅可以显著维持鱼肉颜色和质地,还可以延长冷藏鱼肉的保质期[65]。当肉桂精油纳米乳液添加量11 429 mg/L时,可以显著减少鲈鱼片中0.5~1.5(lg(CFU/g))的初始细菌数量,可有效延缓冷藏过程中细菌的生长,可以将肉桂精油纳米乳液用于抑制污染大肠杆菌和其他食源性病原体的鱼片[66]。
植物活性成分在肉制品中抑菌应用部分研究如表3所示。
3.3 植物活性成分协同应用效果
许多研究表明,当植物提取物中含有2 种及以上活性成分联合使用时,其产生的效果大于同一剂量单一物质的效果[69]。为使肉制品加工过程中的抗氧化及抑菌效果更佳,有研究将天然活性成分复配添加至肉制品中。表4总结了目前天然活性成分以复配形式添加在肉制品中以起到更强抗氧化及抑菌作用的研究与应用。
Basanta等[70]将李子的果皮及果肉的纤维颗粒进行混合,将混合提取物以1.6%的添加量加入鸡肉饼中。与对照组相比,纤维颗粒的添加减少了肉饼中50% TBARs的生成、肉饼的2 价铁离子还原能力高出77%~157%。而在火腿的制备过程中添加2%蔓越莓和黑樱桃提取物显著提高了其在体外模拟消化过程中口腔和胃消化阶段的抗氧化能力[71]。
酚酸和类黄酮是草药和香料中最常见的生物活性化合物,草药还含有酚类二萜(迷迭香醇)、挥发物(蒎烯和1,8-桉叶醇)和苯丙烷类化合物(百里酚、丁香酚和香芹酚)。将迷迭香提取物、甜橙提取物分别与蔬菜提取物(生菜、芝麻菜和豆瓣菜、菠菜和芹菜、甜菜)混合添加至香腸中发现,迷迭香提取物的添加不仅对肉制品起到延缓氧化作用,还可以达到良好的抑菌效果。天然活性物质与富含脯氨酸的蛋白质不可逆地形成复合物,通过抑制细胞蛋白质的合成达到抑菌作用。并且,添加500 mg/kg甜橙提取物与250 mg/kg针叶樱桃提取物和3 000 mg/kg蔬菜提取物(生菜、芝麻菜、豆瓣菜)于香肠中对其抗氧化作用最强[72]。Dang Yali等[73]将山楂叶、银杏叶、竹叶与红皮花生按照2∶2∶5∶9比例混合后添加6%的混合提取物于发酵猪肉香肠中,混合提取物对大肠杆菌的MIC为1.3 mg/mL,提取物可以通过去除大肠杆菌细胞壁和细胞膜结构显著抑制大肠杆菌的生长。将茴香精油、肉桂醛含量分别为1%的纳米乳液涂抹于猪肉肉饼中,可以显著抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,将货架期从6 d延长至10 d[74]。Syed等[75]发现,基于不同比例的香叶醇和香芹酚的水包油乳液对于羊肉具有同样显著的抑菌活性,香芹酚通过释放脂多糖分解了革兰氏阴性细菌的细胞膜,导致细胞内容物外漏,引起细菌活力丧失。与使用纯油、非乳液制剂相比,乳液包埋制剂对细菌病原体、蜡样芽孢杆菌MTCC 430和大肠杆菌MYCC 443具有抑制作用,可将香叶醇和香芹酚的抑菌功效延长至9 d。将百里香、肉桂、丁香精油两两组合或三重组合(4∶1∶2)应用于鸡胸肉中发现,不同精油的双重组合对荧光假单胞菌表现出协同(分级抑菌浓度指数(fractional inhibitory concentration index,FICI)≤0.5)或叠加效应
(0.5<FICI≤1.0),且三重组合混合物精油可将MIC减少6~8 倍,在12 d冷藏期间,可显著抑制鸡胸肉中荧光假单胞菌生长[76],分析原因是精油中酚类和醛类可以通过连续抑制氧化链反应、抑制酶的活性以及抑菌剂与菌体细胞壁和细胞膜相互作用,使混合精油具有高抑菌性。
4 结 语
植物活性成分在抑制肉制品脂质与蛋白质氧化、抑制腐败菌和致病菌增殖方面表现出良好性能。与此同时,还可以保持肉制品色泽、质构和风味等品质。在增强肉制品安全性的基础上,对于生产高品质肉制品具有良好的推动作用。但目前的研究仍存在一些局限性,在今后的研究中,可以在以下几方面加以深入:1)阐明植物活性成分的抗氧化及抑菌机理。在肉制品加工中,多数植物活性成分的活性位点及其抗氧化作用机理仍有待进一步阐明,而抑菌机理的研究大部分是通过分析细胞形态、膜电位等指标变化来验证细胞膜的变化,对于抑菌基因表达的影响因素尚未明确;
2)加强植物活性成分复配协同功效的研究。基于协同作用和量效关系开发肉制品用高效植物活性成分配料,保证复配物在具备抑制脂质、蛋白质氧化能力的同时实现靶向抑菌、延长肉制品货架期;
3)研究植物活性成分与肉制品风味的协同作用。天然活性成分中含有大量低阈值、易挥发的成分,对肉制品自身风味造成干扰。如何在保证其抗氧化性及抑菌作用的前提下,兼顾最终产品的感官特性及可接受度,实现肉制品加工配料与功能成分的“料剂同源”,需要进一步深入研究。我国具有丰富的植物资源,未来可以加大植物活性成分基础理论研究与产品开发,使植物活性成分逐步成熟应用于肉制品加工中,形成基于“清洁标签”的肉制品系列植物活性成分配料,服务于肉制品健康消费的发展趋势。
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收稿日期:2023-04-23
基金項目:“十四五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2021YFD2100503)
第一作者简介:付晓航(1997—)(ORCID:
0009-0002-6939-4506),女,工程师,硕士,研究方向为肉品科学与加工技术。
E-mail:
fxhcmrcld@126.com
*通信作者简介:臧明伍(1981—)(ORCID:
0000-0002-1302-316X),男,教授级高级工程师,博士,研究方向为肉品科学与食品安全。E-mail:
zangmw@126.com
王守伟(1961—)(ORCID:
0000-0002-6390-4803),男,教授级高级工程师,硕士,研究方向为肉品科学与食品安全。E-mail:
cmrcwsw@126.com
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