2023年12月四级真题热门23篇（范文推荐）

2023年12月四级真题第1篇表示我，、你、他、我们、你们、他们等的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词的用法1)人称代词主格的用法a)作主语Iama(炊事员)Wearecooks，Yo下面是小编为大家整理的12月四级真题热门23篇,供大家参考。

2023年12月四级真题 第1篇

表示"我"，、"你"、"他"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"等的词，叫做人称代词。

人称代词的用法

1)人称代词主格的用法

a)作主语

I am a (炊事员) We are cooks，

You are a (教师) You are

He is a (理发员) The yare

She is a (护士)The yare

It is a (大车) They are

b)作表语

It"s I .是我。

Oh，it"s 噢，是你。

[注一]第一人称单数人称代词I (我)永远要大写。(见上面例句)

[注二]口语习惯上不说it"s I (he, she等)，而说It"s me (him，her等)。

2)人称代词宾格的用法

a)作及物动词的宾语

The dog bit 那只狗咬了他。

Our teacher taught us to swim 我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。

This is my new Do you like it ?这是我的新帽子，你喜欢吗?

b)作介词的宾语

My brother often writes 我弟弟常给我写信。

They took good care of 他们无微不至地照料我们。

3)人称代词的其他用法 各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外，还有下列一些特殊用法：

a)报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I (同样用our代替my)。如：

We believe that China will make still greater progress in 我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的发展。

In our opinion this is the best film of the 我们认为这是今年最好的影片。

b)用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等，以表示亲切和爱抚。如：

That"s the picture of the Dongfeng; she is a 10,000 - ton class ocean - 那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片。

The dog waved his tail when he saw his 那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。

c)北有时可用来代替小孩(child)和婴儿(baby)。如：

The child smiled when it saw its 小孩见到母亲就笑了。

d) they可用来代替一般的人，特别在"they say"中。如：

They say there"s going to be another good harvest this 人们说今年又是个丰收年。

2023年12月四级真题 第2篇

Part Ⅰ Writing

Mutual Understanding Is Most Important

When we talk about the relationship between doctors and patients, what comes into mymind is generally negative However, I believe there is a way for doctors andpatients to get along harmoniously—that is mutual

On the one hand, patients are helpless and worried when they go to Sodoctor"s attitude or response is critically important for them and their On theother hand, doctors have to face so many patients every day that they even have no timeto take a Such a high intensity of work could drive a man Thus, if they canstand in each other"s shoes, most problems could be Otherwise, a doctor"s briefconclusion about the condition of patients might be regarded as cold blood and result

Nowadays, much effort has been made to case the tension of But I think the most effective one is mutual understanding and

Part II Listening Comprehension

说明：由于20XX年12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：GLFOC EMNJB

36-45：HDOMB LKJGF

46-55：BADCA CCBDA

Part IV Translation

Located in southern Anhui province in eastern China, Huangshan is known for its uniquenatural scenery, particularly sunrises and sea of To appreciate the magnificenceof the mountain, you have to look upward in most cases; while to enjoy the fascinatinglandscape of Huangshan, you"ve got to look The humid climate of the areaoffers favorable conditions for tea trees to grow, which makes the surrounding area ofHuangshan one of the major producers of The mountain is also home to numeroushot springs, which are helpful for preventing skin As one of the top touristdestinations in China, Huangshan represents the most popular theme of photographicworks and traditional Chinese

2023年12月四级真题 第3篇

物主代词概说

表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。

物主代词的用法

1)形容词性物主代词用作定语

I love my work in the 我喜欢我在医院的工作。

How many students are there in his (her) class?他(她)班上有多少学生?

There are many good teachers in our 我们学校有许多好老师。

I saw a film lasts Its title was Guerrillas on the

我上星期六看了一个电影，名叫《平原游击队》。

2)名词性物主代词用作主语、宾语和表语

a)用作主语：

Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second 我们的房间在一层，他们的在二层。

Ours is a socialist 我们的国家是社会主义国家。

b)用作宾语：

I didn"t borrow her I borrowed 我没有借她的字典，我借的是他的。

c)用作表语：

Whose pencil is this?-It is 这是谁的铅笔?

--是她的。

These tools are 这些工具是我们的。

[注]"of+名词性物主代词"和的"of+名词所有格"的用法完全一样。如：

a friend of mine我的一个朋友(表示部分观念，意即我有不少朋友，他(她)是其中之一)

this lovely child of yours你的这个可爱的孩子(有感情色彩)

自身代词概说

表示反射(指一个动作回射到该动作执行者本身)或强调(即用来加强名词或代词的语气)的代词叫做自身代词。

自身代词的用法

1)在句中作宾语，表示动作回到动作执行者的本身。如：

Please help yourself to some 请自己用茶。(作help的宾语)

The girl is too young to look after 这女孩太小，还不能照顾自己。(作look after的宾语)

He was always ready to help others; he never thought of himself他总是帮助别人，从不想到自己。(作thought of的宾语)

2)在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，作"亲自"、"本人"解。它在句中可置于名词、代词之后，也可置于句子末尾。如：

You yourself said 你自己是这样说的。

The desk itself is not so 书桌本身并不重。

I fixed the window 这窗户是我自己装的。

相互代词

表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。

相互代词的用法

1)作宾语。如：

Do you often see one another?你们彼此常见面吗?

New and old students learn from each 新老同学相互学习。.

John and Tom helped each 约翰和汤姆相互帮助。

2)作定语时须用所有格。如：

We are interested in one another"s 我们关心彼此的工作。

The students corrected each other"s mistakes in their 学生相互改作业中的错误。

Students cut each other"s 同学们相互理发。

3)each和other有时可分开用。如：

Each tried to persuade the other to stay at 两个人都彼此劝说对方留在家里。

2023年12月四级真题 第4篇

leave sb the choice of … or …要么…，要么… (选择类经典句)

Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject

敌人冷酷无情/铁石心肠，我们要么顽强抵抗，要么屈膝投降。

be the instrument of sth 引来某事物的人或事 (使动类经典句)

能够让你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。

If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my

it was the memory / memoriesof 追溯到… (回忆类经典句)

追溯到1964年东京及1988年汉城举办的奥运会，可能分别被视为日韩两国发展的转折点。

Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turningpoints in their nations’

on the premise / ground /prerequisite / proposition / hypothesis / presuposition that 基于一个前提… (假设类经典句)

中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。

The Chinese declared to implement thepolicy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of

be bound to 必定…;一定… (意愿类经典句)

西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展，共同繁荣。

The Great Western Development is bound tobe a bridge between China and the rest world, promoting the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world at

a matter of sth/doing sth 与…有关的情况或问题(描述类经典句)

请思考一下同一个人现在及八年前说的话。“说到底，‘贫穷’与其说是生活在贫穷的国家里，还不如说是技艺不精。”

Considering the following statements, madeby the same man eight years “Eventually, being ’poor’ won’t be as much a matter ofliving in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor ”

This is the similar case with/when 这恰如;正如;也会 (比较类经典句)

这恰如我们虽然看不懂莫扎特乐曲的总谱，却照样能同它的主旋律产生共鸣，击节称赞。

This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us to clap our hands in admiration despiteour disability to understand the score of Mozart’s musical

be exemplified by 这一点也证明了…;这点反映在以下事实：… (举例类经典句)

美国人想把儿童和成人的世界划清界限，这一愿望还反映在以下事实：如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是设法晚点将消息告诉他们的子女。

This American desire to keep the children’s world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an

constitute… (不用于进行式)是;认为 (判断类经典句)

历史雄辩地说明，中美之间建立在平等互利基础上的劳动分工是最为合理和实用的国际关系。

History has proved eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benefit between China and USA constitutes the most reasonable and practical international

witness…见证… (发生类经典句)a time or event witnesses sth / sb in aparticular situation or doing a particular

经过二十多年的快速发展，中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础，社会保持稳定，市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善，为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。

The rapid development in the past 20-plusyears witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of

2023年12月四级真题 第5篇

人称代词概说

表示"我"，、"你"、"他"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"等的词，叫做人称代词。

人称代词的用法

1)人称代词主格的用法

a)作主语

I am a (炊事员) We are cooks，

You are a (教师) You are

He is a (理发员) The yare

She is a (护士)The yare

It is a (大车) They are

b)作表语

It"s I .是我。

Oh，it"s 噢，是你。

[注一]第一人称单数人称代词I (我)永远要大写。(见上面例句)

[注二]口语习惯上不说it"s I (he, she等)，而说It"s me (him，her等)。

2)人称代词宾格的用法

a)作及物动词的宾语

The dog bit 那只狗咬了他。

Our teacher taught us to swim 我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。

This is my new Do you like it ?这是我的新帽子，你喜欢吗?

b)作介词的宾语

My brother often writes 我弟弟常给我写信。

They took good care of 他们无微不至地照料我们。

3)人称代词的其他用法 各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外，还有下列一些特殊用法：

a)报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I (同样用our代替my)。如：

We believe that China will make still greater progress in 我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的发展。

In our opinion this is the best film of the 我们认为这是今年最好的影片。

b)用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等，以表示亲切和爱抚。如：

That"s the picture of the Dongfeng; she is a 10,000 - ton class ocean - 那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片。

The dog waved his tail when he saw his 那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。

c)北有时可用来代替小孩(child)和婴儿(baby)。如：

The child smiled when it saw its 小孩见到母亲就笑了。

d) they可用来代替一般的人，特别在"they say"中。如：

They say there"s going to be another good harvest this 人们说今年又是个丰收年。

2023年12月四级真题 第6篇

Part Ⅰ Writing

Good Communication Is the Best Policy

The relationship between parents and children is an eternal and universal topic for Our relationship with parents might be different at different And foryoung people at their 20s, I think it will more depend on what children

The reason why I say so is that as we grow up, our parents who were our idols beforegradually get old and even However hard efforts they make, they could notcatch up with our steps, leading to the so-called invisible generation gap between Thus, if we cannot slow down our pace, there will definitely be an awkward silencebetween parents and us, which is not rare As a result, we young people should talkmore with parents to share our feelings and to know each other

Everyone wants loving parents who are open and Only through frequentcommunication with each other can we establish such a harmonious relationship withour

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

D) Her little

B) By selling lemonade and

B) Providing clean energy to five million

C) They can be laid right on top of existing

C) Endless fighting in the

D) To find evidence of the existence of the "lost lions".

A) Lions"

D) Her "lucky birthday".

A) Threw her a surprise

C) The trip her husband has

B) He is eager to learn how the couple"s holiday turns

D) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a

A) They know when to

B) They learn

C) Get to know the other

A) How space research benefits people on

C) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer

B) They are extremely

C) It marked the beginning of something

D) They believed in working for

B) Doing needlework by the

A) Sit down and try to calm

C) You may expose yourself to unexpected

A) Walk

D) Inform somebody of your

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：KDMOA FHICB

36-45：IECDB HGFAJ

46-55：DCACB DAACB

Part IV Translation

Located in western Shandong province, Mount Tai stands over 1500 meters above sealevel and covers an area of about 400 square It is a renowned mountainwhich is not only spectacular but also of historical and cultural Pilgrimshave been visiting Mount Tai for the last over 3000 In recorded history, 72 emperors once came here to make a Mount Tai has seen many writers who havetraveled here for inspiration to make poems and Artists also come herefor That explains why Mount Tai features numerous cultural relics and It has now become one of the leading tourist attractions in

2023年12月四级真题 第7篇

冠词分不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种，一般无句子重音。

1)不定冠词a，an

a) a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物中的"一个"，相当于汉语的"一"，但不强调数目观念。

b) a用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。如：anotebook一个笔记本，a cigarette一支香烟，an oldman一位老人，an English class一堂英语课。

字母u读作[ju:]时，由于第一个音[j]是辅音，故前面用a，不用an。如：a useful book一本有用的书，a university一所大学。字母h如不发音，第一个音又是元音，前面用an而不用a，如an hour[?n"au?]一小时，an honest [?n" nist] person一个诚实的人。

c) a和an在句中分别弱读作[E]和[En]。

2)定冠词the

a)表示某一类人或事物中的"某一个"或"某一些"，相当于汉语的"这"或"那"。

b)不论单数名词或复数名词，也不论可数名词或不可数名词，前面都可以用the。

c)在元音前读[Ti]，辅音前读[TE]。如the evening [Ti5:vniN] (傍晚)，the car [TEkB:] (汽车);在元音字母u发[ju:]和半元音字母。y发[j]时，仍读[?TE]。如the unit [TE5ju:nit] (单位)，theyard [TEjB:d] (院子)。

英语中不定冠词a (an)的用法

1)指一个人、动物或一件事物属于某一类。如：

Xiao Xu"s father is a 小徐的父亲是矿工。(而不是其他工种)

Give me a ballpen , 请给我一支圆珠笔。(而不是钢笔或其他种类)

2)指任何一个人、动物或一件事物。如：

A steel worker makes 钢铁工人炼钢。(意即任何一个钢铁工人都炼钢)

A triangle has three 三角形有三个角。(意即任何一个三角形都有三个角)

3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：

He comes from a firm in 他来自北京某一家公司。

A young man wants to see 有个青年人要见你。

A car stopped in front of the 一辆汽车停在大门前。

4)不定冠词还可指"事物的单位"，如"每日"、"每斤"等。如：

Butter is 4 yuan a 黄油四元钱一公斤。

He drove the car at 18 miles an 他行车速度为每小时十八英里。

The Chinese Export Commodities Fair is held in Guangzhou twice a 中国出口商品交易会每年在广州举行两次。

The doctor told him to take the medicine three times a 医生叫他一天吃三次药。

冠词分不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种，一般无句子重音。

1)不定冠词a，an

a) a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物中的"一个"，相当于汉语的"一"，但不强调数目观念。

b) a用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。如：a notebook一个笔记本，a cigarette一支香烟，anold man一位老人，an English class一堂英语课。

字母u读作[ju:]时，由于第一个音[j]是辅音，故前面用a，不用an。如：a useful book一本有用的书，a university一所大学。字母h如不发音，第一个音又是元音，前面用an而不用a，如an hour[?n"au?]一小时，an honest [?n" nist] person一个诚实的人。

c) a和an在句中分别弱读作[E]和[En]。

2)定冠词the

a)表示某一类人或事物中的"某一个"或"某一些"，相当于汉语的"这"或"那"。

b)不论单数名词或复数名词，也不论可数名词或不可数名词，前面都可以用the。

c)在元音前读[Ti]，辅音前读[TE]。如the evening [Ti5:vniN] (傍晚)，the car [TEkB:] (汽车);在元音字母u发[ju:]和半元音字母。y发[j]时，仍读[?TE]。如the unit [TE5ju:nit] (单位)，theyard [TEjB:d] (院子)。

英语中不定冠词a (an)的用法

1)指一个人、动物或一件事物属于某一类。如：

Xiao Xu"s father is a 小徐的父亲是矿工。(而不是其他工种)

Give me a ballpen , 请给我一支圆珠笔。(而不是钢笔或其他种类)

2)指任何一个人、动物或一件事物。如：

A steel worker makes 钢铁工人炼钢。(意即任何一个钢铁工人都炼钢)

A triangle has three 三角形有三个角。(意即任何一个三角形都有三个角)

3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：

He comes from a firm in 他来自北京某一家公司。

A young man wants to see 有个青年人要见你。

A car stopped in front of the 一辆汽车停在大门前。

4)不定冠词还可指"事物的单位"，如"每日"、"每斤"等。如：

Butter is 4 yuan a 黄油四元钱一公斤。

He drove the car at 18 miles an 他行车速度为每小时十八英里。

The Chinese Export Commodities Fair is held in Guangzhou twice a 中国出口商品交易会每年在广州举行两次。

The doctor told him to take the medicine three times a 医生叫他一天吃三次药。

2023年12月四级真题 第8篇

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to besthandle the relationship between parents and You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three Both the news report and the questions willbe spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) Her

B) Her

C) Her friend

D) Her little

A) By taking pictures for

B) By selling lemonade and

C) By working part time at a

D) By asking for help on social

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) Testing the efficiency of the new solar

B) Providing clean energy to five million

C) Generating electric power for passing

D) Finding cheaper ways of highway

A) They are made from cheap

B) They are only about half an inch

C) They can be laid right on top of existing

D) They can stand the wear and tear of natural

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) The lack of clues about the

B) Inadequate funding for

C) Endless fighting in the

D) The hazards from the

A) To observe the wildlife in the two national

B) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and

C) To identify the reasons for the lions"

D) To find evidence of the existence of the "lost lions".

A) Lions"

B) Lions

C) Some camping

D) Traps set by local

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) A special gift from the

B) Her wedding

C) A call from her

D) Her "lucky birthday".

A) Threw her a surprise

B) Took her on a trip

C) Bought her a good

D) Gave her a big model

A) What her husband and the man are up

B) What has been troubling her

C) The trip her husband has

D) The gift her husband has

A) He wants to find out about the couple"s holiday

B) He is eager to learn how the couple"s holiday turns

C) He will tell the women the secret if her husband

D) He will be glad to be a guide for the couple"s holiday

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) They take the rival"s attitude into

B) They know when to adopt a tough

C) They see the importance of making

D) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a

A) They know when to

B) They know how to

C) They know when to make

D) They know how to control their

A) They are

B) They learn

C) They are good at

D) They uphold their

A) Clarify items of

B) Make clear one"s

C) Get to know the other

D) Formulate one"s

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) How space research benefits people on

B) When the International Space Station was

C) How many space shuttle missions there will

D) When America"s earliest space program

A) They tried to make best use of the latest

B) They tried to meet astronauts" specific

C) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer

D) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting

A) They are expensive to

B) They are extremely

C) They were first made in

D) They were invented in the

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) Everything was natural and genuine

B) People had plenty of land to cultivate

C) It marked the beginning of something

D) It was when her ancestors came to

A) They were known to be

B) They enjoyed living a life of

C) They had all kinds of

D) They believed in working for

A) Chatting with her

B) Doing needlework by the

C) Furnishing her country

D) Polishing all the silver

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) Sit down and try to calm

B) Call your family or friends for

C) Use a map to identify your

D) Try to follow your footprints

A) You may end up entering a

B) You may get drowned in a sudden

C) You may expose yourself to unexpected

D) You may find a way out without your knowing

A) Walk

B) Look for

C) Start a

D) Wait

A) Check the local

B) Find a map and a

C) Prepare enough food and

D) Inform somebody of your

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passagewith ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choicesgiven in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through You may not use any of the words in the bank more than

A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, butthese creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human

Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in along line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help Despitehaving a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger, pigeons have a veryimpressive 29 Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be asaccurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in

Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal ishighly 32 . Inside a rat"s nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 This gives rats the ability to detect33 As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB (肺结核). When therats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is

Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 This rat detection method doesn"t rely onspecialist It is also more accurate—the rats are able to find more TBinfections and, therefore, save more

A) associated B) examine C) indicate D) nuisance E) peak F) preventing G) prohibitingH) sensitive I) slight J) specify K) superior L) suspicious M) tip N) treated O)visual

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to Each statement contains information given in one of the Identify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose aparagraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?

Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than searchfor

[A] I have always been a poor So it may seem rather strange that I havereturned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades I ammaking my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quicklysupply the verbal answer while I am still processing the

[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kindare the most taxing and ultimately I have already sweated throughnumerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do theresearch, read the texts, and write it all In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm themorning it was To say I had lost the thread is putting it

[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material andguessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on presidents at Columbia, prefersthe in-class He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages themto form study "That way they socialize over history outside the class, whichwouldn"t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam," he explained, "Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, an essentialwork "

[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class In 20XX, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they hadcheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled "Introduction To " Somecolleges have what they call an "honor code," though if you are smart enough to getinto these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, Imomentarily wondered if I couldn"t just call an expert on the subject matter which I wastackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me

[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school"s professors to refrain from "Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limitedboundaries," she told "Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, andother assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and "

[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where onecould ask their older brothers and sisters to Vocational-type classes, such ascomputer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented andlend themselves to take-home Chris Koch, who teaches "History of BroadcastJournalism" at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out thatreporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute "In myfield, it"s not what you know—it"s what you know how to find out," says "There isway too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to Iwant my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resourcesavailable to "

[G] Students" test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject andcourse "I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research," says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior Then there is the stress Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, "I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there isimmediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stressas there is never a moment when the time is " Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomoreat Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true "If you understandthe material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be "

[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it muchharder than it needs to And then there those who, not knowing what questions arecoming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can And then there are werare folks who fit both those

[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of myinability to access the information as As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, "We are learning not only all this information, but essentially howto learn Our fellow students have just come out of high A lot has changedsince we were last in "

[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to When I asked his opinion on this matter, he responded, "I like in-class exams becausethe time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on atest," he It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the examquestions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class the tickingclock

[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently forher final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, "It is going to be apiece of " When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a blue book in Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and theyeach were given a

Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in

Some believe take-home exams may affect students" performance in

Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to

In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in

The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at

Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams moredifficult than they actually

Different students may prefer different types of

Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends ontype of course being

The author dropped out of college some forty years

Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

Passage One

Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following

That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliarsurroundings is a phenomenon known as the "first-night" If a person stays in thesame room the following night they tend to sleep more Yuka Sasaki and hercolleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this

Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performancemight be affected the following She also knew from previous work conducted onbirds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so thatthey can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her towonder if people might be doing the same To take a closer look, her team studied35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university"sDepartment of Psychological The participants each slept in the department fortwo nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity oftheir Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their firstnight than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep andsleeping less During deep sleep, the participants" brains behaved in a similarmanner seen in birds and On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) oftheir brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres

Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process informationdetected in the surrounding environment, Sasaki re-ran the experiment whilepresenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of thesame tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the She worked outthat, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and wouldignore the regularly timed This is precisely what she

What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?

A) To what extent it can trouble

B) What role it has played in

C) What circumstances may trigger

D) In what way it can be

What do we learn about Yuka Sasaki doing her research?

A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while

B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same

C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and

D) She conducted studies on birds" and dolphins" sleeping

What did Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?

A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new

B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological

C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants"

D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human

What did Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?

A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on

B) She recorded participants" adaptation to changed

C) She exposed her participants to two different

D) She compared the responses of different

What did Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?

A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than

B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a

C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular

D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

It"s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in It willonly slow you down and hinder your career

Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as manywomen than men ages 18-44 reported feeling "very tired" or "exhausted", according to arecent

This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have It"s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and Onereason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "" Womenwant to be able to do it all— volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals—and sotheir answer to any request is often "Yes, I "

Women struggle to say "no" in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire tobe liked by their Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurtingwomen"s heath as well as their

At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women oftenavoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don"t want to be viewed asaggressive or disruptive at For example, there"s a problem that needs to beaddressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over who should be the one to fix Menare more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what"s theeasiest and quickest way to resolve the problem—even if that means doing the boringwork

This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promotedto a leadership position and who does Leaders have to be able to delegate andmanage resources wisely—including staff Shouldering more of the workloadmay not earn you that Instead, it may highlight your inability to

What does the author say is the problem with women?

A) They are often unclear about the career goals to

B) They are usually more committed at home than on the

C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could

D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their

Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?

A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and

B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a

C) They do their best to cooperate with their

D) They are obliged to take up too many

What may hinder the future prospects of career women?

A) Their unwillingness to say "no".

B) Their desire to be considered

C) An underestimate of their own

D) A lack of courage to face

Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in

A) women tend to be easily satisfied

B) men are generally more persuasive

C) men tend to put their personal interests first

D) women are much more ready to compromise

What is important to a good leader?

A) A dominant

B) The ability to

C) The courage to admit

D) A strong sense of

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet

泰山位于山东省西部。海拔1，500余米，方圆约400平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观，而且是一座历史文化名山，过去3，000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载，共有72位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感，写诗作文，艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。

2023年12月四级真题 第9篇

A coin has two 每个硬币都有两面

Every rose has its 每一朵玫瑰都有刺。

Every advantage has its 有利必有弊。

Misfortune may be an actual 塞翁失马焉知非福。

Each dog has its 每条狗都有它的一天(俗话说：风水轮流转)

It is never too late to 亡羊补牢，犹时未晚。

Practice makes 熟能生巧。

No pains no 没有付出就没有收获。

It"s never too old to 活到老，学到老。

Where there is a will, there is a 有志者事竟成Adversity makes a man wise, not 逆境出人才。

Work makes the 勤工出巧匠。

Adversity shows insight 同舟共济。

Return when being 知恩图报。

Misery makes strangers 患难时不择友。

2023年12月四级真题 第10篇

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to besthandle the relationship between doctors and You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passagewith ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choicesgiven in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through You may not use any of the words in the bank more than

We all know there exists great void (空白) in the public educational system when itcomes to 26 to STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering Mathematics) Oneeducator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this Doritaught high school engineering for 11 She noticed there was a real void in qualitySTEM education at all 27 of the public educational She said, "I startedEngineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineeringprograms to 28 my own kids "

She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in The club grew quickly and when it reached 180 members and the kids inthe program won several state 30 , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and31 The global business EFK was

Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to 32 recreation Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within theUnited States and in 21 Sales have doubled from $5 million in 20XX to $10 million in 20XX, with 25 new branches planned for The EFK website states, "Ournation is not 34 enough Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age tounderstand that engineering is a great 35 ."

A) attracted B) career C) championships D) degrees E) developing F) enroll G) exposureH) feasible I) feeding J) graduating K) interest L) levels M) local N) operates O) participated

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to Each statement contains information given in one of the Identify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose aparagraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

Why aren"t you curious about what happened?

A)"You suspended Ray Rice after our video," a reporter from TMZ challenged NationalFootball League Commissioner Roger Goodell the other "Why didn"t you have thecuriosity to go to the casino (赌场) yourself?" The implication of the question is that amore curious commissioner would have found a way to get the

B) The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often, carrying the suggestion thatthere is something wrong with not wanting to search out the "I have beenbothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity," said a Democraticmember of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficientlyinquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie whochose not to ask hard question about the George Washington Bridge traffic "Isn"t the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?" wroteconservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americansin Benghazi,

C) The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack ofcuriosity is a Are such accusations simply efforts to score political points forone"s party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?

D) The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Knowand Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that the answer to that last question is "Yes". Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing

E) We are suffering, he writes, from a "serendipity " The word "serendipity" wascoined by Horace Walpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who "werealways making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search " Leslieworries that the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, hasreduced our appetite for aimless No longer have we the inclination to letourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be Instead, we seekonly the information we

F) Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovationand We will see unimaginative governments and dying corporationsmake disastrous We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as awhole so successful as a

G) Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as awhole is growing less In the and Europe, for example, the rise of theInternet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader"s But not everything is to be blamed on The decline in interest in literaryfiction is also one of the causes identified by Reading literary fiction, he says, make us more

H) Moreover, in order to be curious, "you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledgein the first " Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most ofus are unaware of how much we don"t know, he"s surely right to point out that theproblem is growing: "Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions havedefinite "

I) Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whippingbody (替罪羊). He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the "perfectsearch engine" will "understand exactly what I mean and give me back exactly what " Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: "Google aims to save you from the thirst ofcuriosity "

J) Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地), he quotes John Maynard Keynes"s justly famouswords of praise to the bookstore: "One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, andallow what is there freely to attract and influence the To walk the rounds of thebookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon"s " If only!

K) Citing the work of psychologists and cognitive (认知的) scientists, Leslie criticizes thereceived wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectualtalent and hard Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor—and a difficult one If not cultivated, it will not survive: "Childhood curiosity is acollaboration between child and The surest way to kill it is to leave it "

L) School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class That lack ofcuriosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult ifnot impossible to compensate for later on

M) Although Leslie"s book isn"t about politics, he doesn"t entirely shy away from Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should be Theyshould ask questions at crucial There are serious consequence, he warns, innot wanting to

N) He presents as an example the failure of the George Bush administration toprepare properly for the after-effects of the invasion of According to Leslie, thosewho ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 20XX remark that wehave to be wary of the "unknown unknowns" were Rumsfeld"s idea, Lesliewrites, " wasn"t absurd—it was " He adds, "The tragedy is that he didn"t follow hisown "

O) All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Each criticin those examples is charging, in a different way, that someone in authority isintentionally being I leave it to the reader"s political preference to decidewhich, if any, charges should But let"s be careful about demanding curiosityabout the other side"s weaknesses and remanding determinedly incurious about our We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we findout is something we didn"t particularly want to

To be curious, we need to realize first of all that there are many things we don"

According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one"s

We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge"s

Political leaders" lack of curiosity will result in bad

There are often accusations about politicians" and the media"s lack of curiosity tofind out the truth

The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to

It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence

Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain

Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute topeople"s declining

Mankind wouldn"t be so innovative without

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following

Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of It wouldseem silly to call such a thing a ""

On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age aretwo different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heartdisease, cancer and many In that light, aging itself might be seen as somethingtreatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin

Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a Hesaid that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop

"It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry so that they can begintreating the disease and not just the side effects," he

"Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can"t control," he "In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they cantry to develop The medical community also takes aging for granted, andcan do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health "

But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, "It would attract funding and changethe way we do health What matters is understanding that aging is "

"It was always known that the body accumulates damage," he "The only way tocure aging is to find ways to repair that I think of it as preventive medicine forage-related "

Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the ideathat aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which someresearchers suggest is Hayflick is not among

"There"re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart But theycontinue to age, because aging is separate from their disease," Hayflick "Even ifthose causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 "

What do people generally believe about aging?

A) It should cause no alarm

B) They just cannot do anything about

C) It should be regarded as a kind of

D) They can delay it with advances in

How do many scientists view aging now?

A) It might be prevented and

B) It can be as risky as heart

C) It results from a vitamin

D) It is an irreversible biological

What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of "describing aging as a disease"?

A) It will prompt people to take aging more

B) It will greatly help reduce the side effects of

C) It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about

D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat

What do we learn about the medical community?

A) They now have a strong interest in research on

B) They differ from the academic circles in their view on

C) They can contribute to people"s health only to a limited

D) They have ways to intervene in people"s aging

What does professor Leonard Hayflick believe?

A) The human lifespan cannot be

B) Aging is hardly separable from

C) Few people live up to the age of

D) Heart disease is the major cause of

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely toreceive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male Christopher Intagliata

As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the Men score higherstarting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), and have better odds of being Studies show they"re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) And new research reveals that menare more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation,

"Say, you know, this is the best student I"ve ever had," says Kuheli Dutt, a socialscientist and diversity officer at Columbia University"s Lamont "Compare thoseexcellent letters with a merely good letter: "The candidate was productive, orintelligent, or a solid scientist or something that"s clearly solid praise," but nothing thatsingles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a "

Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation forpostdoctoral positions in They were all edited for gender and otheridentifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowingthe gender of the They found that female applicants were only half as likely toget outstanding letters, compared with their male That includes letters ofrecommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and Thefindings are in the journal Nature

Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of theapplicants using the data in the But she says the results still suggest women ingeoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careersstarting with those less than outstanding letters of

"We"re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone conscious Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues onimplicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even adiscipline " Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter

What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?

A) There are many more men applying than

B) Chances for women to get the positions are

C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of

D) Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female

What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?

A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching

B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender

C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM

D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often

What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?

A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete

B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the

C) They provide objective information without

D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional

What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters ofrecommendation?

A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate

B) They invited women professionals to edit

C) They assigned them randomly to

D) They deleted all information about

What does Dutt aim to do with her study?

A) Raise recommendation writers" awareness of gender bias in their

B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research

C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM

D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women"s status in academic

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet

黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生成，是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。

2023年12月四级真题 第11篇

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on thefollowing passage.

The fifth largest city in US passed a significantsoda tax proposal that will levy (征税) centsper liquid ounce on

Philadelphil"s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council It sets a newbar for similar initiatives across the It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks canwin substantial support outside super-liberal Until now, the only city tosuccessfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in

The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with adder sugar, such as Gatorade and iced It"s expected to raise $410 million over the next fiveyears, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program forthe

While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents tothe measure, including soda lobbyists, made sharp criticisms and a promise tochallenge the tax in

"The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages — including low —and no-caloriechoices," said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage "Butmost importantly, it is against the So we will side with the majority of the people ofPhiladelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop "

An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on The ads criticized the measure, characterizing it as a "grocery tax".

Public health groups applauded the approved tax as step toward fixing certain lastinghealth issues that plague "The move to recapture a small part of the profitsfrom an industry that pushed a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heartdisease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure beinspirational to many other places," said Jim Krieger, executive director of HealthyFood "indeed, we are already hearing from some of It"s not "justBerkeley" "

Similar measures in California"s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado"s Boulderare becoming hot-button Health advocacy groups have hinted that even moremight be

What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?

A) It will change the lifestyle of many

B) It may encourage other US cities to fllow

C) It will cut soda consumption among low-income

D) It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda

What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?

A) Bargain with the city

B) Refuse to pay additional

C) Take legal action against

D) Try to win public

What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?

A) It tried to arouse hostile felings among

B) It tried to win grocers" support against the

C) It kept sending ltters of protest to the

D) It criticized the measure through

What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?

A) Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced

B) Help people to fix certain long-time health

C) Add to the fund for their rescarch on

D) Benefit low-income people across the

What do we lear about similar measures concening the soda tax in some other citics?

A) They are becoming rather sensitive

B) They are spreading panic in the soda

C) They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced

D) They are taking away a lot of proft from the soda

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on thefollowing

Popping food into the microwave for a couple ofminutes may seem utterly harmless, andEurope"s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7millioncars, a new study has found, and the problem is With costs falling and kitchenappliances becoming "status" users, owners are throwing many microwave after anaverage of eight This is pushing sales of new microwave which are expected toreach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the

A study by the University of Manchester worked out the emissions of carbon dioxide -- the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change -- at every stage ofmicrowaves, from manufacture to waste "It is electricity consumption bymicrowaves that has the biggest impact on the environment," say the authors, whoalso calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same asthose from a According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption shouldfocus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour to use appliances For example, electricity consumption by microwaves can be reduced byadjusting the time of cooking to the type of "

However, David Reay, professor of carbon management argues that, althoughmicrowaves use a great deal of enery, their emissions are minor compared to those In the UK alone and these emit way more than all the emissions from microwavesin the Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69mtonnes of CO2 in This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven studyestimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the whole of the " further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of Amongcommon kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energyefficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard Thus, rising microwave salescould be seen as a positive

What is the finding of the new study?

A) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more

B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our

C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the

D) The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people

Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?

A) They are becoming more

B) They have a shorter life cycle than other

C) They are gtting much easier to

D) They take less tine to cook than other

What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?

A) Cooking food of dfferent

B) Improving microwave users"

C) Eating less to cut energy

D) Using microwave ovens less

What does Professor David Reay try to argue?

A) There are far more emissions from cars than from

B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less

C) The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the

D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are

What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?

A) It will become less popular in the coming

B) It makes everyday cooking much more

C) It plays a positive role in envronmental

D) It consumes more power than conventional

2023年12月四级真题 第12篇

指示代词概说

表示"这个"、"那个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。

指示代词有：this这个，that那个，these这些，those那些，it那个，这个，Such如此的，如此的事物，same同样的，同样的事物。

指示代词this，these，that，those在句中的功用

指示代词this，these，that，those在句中的用法相当于名词和形容词，可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如：

This is a plane，这是一架飞机。(作主语)

Oh，it"s not 噢，问题不在那儿。(作表语)

How do you like these?你喜欢这些吗?(作宾语)

This book is about Chinese traditional 这是一本关于中医的书。(作定语)

指示代词ins，these，that， those的其它用法

1)This (these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物，that(those)则常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物。如：

This is a sickle and that is an 这是一把镰刀，那是一把斧子。

These days are 这些天很冷。

In those days the poor people had a hard 在那些日子里，穷人生活很苦。

2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则指下面将要讲到的事物。如：

I had a bad That"s why I didn"t 我伤风很厉害，所以我没有来。

Those two statements are not 那两种说法是不真实的。

What I want to say is this：Pronunciation is very important in learning 我所要说的是：语音在英语学习中非常重要。

chairman Mao honoured Lin Hulan with these words："A great life A glorious death"用下面的话表彰刘胡兰："生的伟大，死的光荣。"

3)有时为了避免重复提到过的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：

The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of 沈阳的气候跟北京的一样好。(that代替climate)

The county"s grain output of 1981 was double that of 这个县1987年的粮食产量比1980年增加一倍。(that代替grain output)

Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in 南京出产的电视机和上海的一样好。(those代替television sets)

4)This和that有时作状语用，表示"程度"，意谓"这么"和"那么"。如：

The book is about this 那本书大约有这么厚。

I don"t want that 我不要那么多。

It指人时亦用作指示代词。指示代词it在汉语中不必译出。

如：

Who is it?――it"s 是谁?--是我。

Oh, it"s you，Lao 哦，是你呀，老王。

2023年12月四级真题 第13篇

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend whowants to learn Please recommend a place to You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

t II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A News Report

Directions：
In this section, you will hear three news At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three Both the news report and the questions willbe spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) The number of male nurses has gone

B) There is discrimination against male

C) There is a growing shortage of medical

D) The number of nurses has dropped to a record

A) Working

B) Educational

C) Inadequate

D) Cultural

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) He fell out of a

B) He was almost

C) He lost his way on a

D) He enjoyed swimming in the

A) The lifeboats patrol the area round the

B) The beach is a good place to watch the

C) The emergency services are

D) The beach is a popular tourist

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) It climbed 25 storeys at one

B) It broke into an office

C) It escaped from a local

D) It became an online

A) Release it into the

B) Return it to its

C) Send it back to the

D) Give it a physical

A) A racoon can perform acts no human

B) A racoon can climb much higher than a

C) The racoon did something no politician

D) The raccoon became as famous as some

Section B Conversation

Directions：
In this section, you will hear two long At the end of eachconversations you will hear four Both the conversations and the question-s willbe spoken only After you hear a You must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) She received a bonus

B) She got a well-paying job in a

C She received her first monthly

D) She got a pay raise for her

A) Two decades

B) Several years

C) Just last

D) Right after

A) He sent a small check to his

B) He treated his parents to a nice

C) He took a few of his friends to a

D) He immediately deposited it in a

A) Join her colleagues for gym

B) Visit her former university

C) Buy some professional

D) Budget her salary

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) He has just too many things to attend

B) He has been overworked

C) He has a difficult decision to

D) He has just quarreled with his

A) Turn to his girlfriend for

B) Give priority to things more

C) Think twice before making the

D) Seek advice from his family and

A) His girlfriend does not support his

B) He is not particularly keen on the job

C) He lacks the money for his doctoral

D) His parents and advisor have different

A)They need time to make

B) They haven"t started their careers

C) They need to save enough money for

D) They haven"t won their parents"

Section C Passage

Directions：
In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) Expressing ideas and opinions

B) Enriching social and intellectual

C) Acquiring information and professional

D) Using information to understand and solve

A) Traveling to different places in the

B) Playing games that challenge one"s

C) Improving mind-reading

D) Reading classic scientific

A) Participate in debates or

B) Expose themselves to different

C) Discard personal biases and

D) Give others freedom to express

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) Why dogs can be faithful friends of

B) The nature of relationships between

C) The reason a great many people love

D) How dogs feel about their bonds with

A) They behave like other animals in many

B) They have an unusual sense of

C) They can respond to humans"

D) They can fall in love just like

A) They stay with one partner for

B) They have their own joys and

C) They experience true romantic

D) They help humans in various

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) A rare

B) A historical

C) A cow

D) A precious

A) Dating

B) Preserving

C) Measuring

D) Identifying

A) The channel needs to interview the

B) The boy should have called an

C) The boy"s family had acted

D) The site should have been

A) Conduct a more detailed

B) Ask the university to reward

C) Search for similar fossils

D) Seek additional funds for the

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passagewith ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choicesgiven in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than

Finally, some good news about airplane If you are on a plane with a sickpassenger, you are unlikely to get That is the __26__ of a new study that lookedat how respiratory (呼吸道) viruses __27__ on Researchers found that onlypeople who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for example -- orone row in front of or behind that individual -- had a high risk of catching the Allother passengers had only a very __28__ chance of getting sick, according to Media reports have not necessarily presented __29__ information about the riskof getting infected on an airplane in the Therefore, these new findings should helpairplane passengers to feel less __30__ to catching respiratory infections while travelingby

Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting __31__ infected bycommon respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, theresearchers So, to __32__ the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different __33__ in the during the flu The researchers found thatpassengers sitting within two seats on __34__ side of a person infected with the flu, aswell as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance of getting But other passengers were __35__ safe from They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the

A) accurate

B) conclusion

C) directly

D) either

E) evaluate

F) explorations

G) flights

H) largely

I) nearby

J) respond

K) slim

L) spread

M) summit

N) vividly

O) vulnerable

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphsIdentify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose aparagraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?

A) Along with old classics like "carrots give you night vision" and "Santa doesn"t bringtoys to misbehaving children", one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parentseverywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the Many of us grow upbelieving that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake, even if only two thirds of adults inthe UK eat breakfast regularly, according to the British Dietetic Association, and aroundthree-quarters of

B) "The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night," explains diet specialist Sarah "Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy, as well as make up for protein and calcium used throughout the " But there"swidespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in thehierarchy (等级) of There have been concerns around the sugar content of cerealand the food industry"s involvement in pro-breakfast research -- and even one claimfrom an academic that breakfast is "dangerous".

C) What"s the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic bycereal companies? The most researched aspect of breakfast(and breakfast-skipping) hasbeen its links to Scientists have different theories as to why there"s arelationship between the In one US study that analysed the health data of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largestmeal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those whoate a large lunch or The researchers argued that breakfast helps reduce dailycalorie intake and improve the quality of our diet -- since breakfast foods are oftenhigher in fibre and

D) But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause -- or ifbreakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin To find out, researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took part in a 12-week weightloss All had the same number of calories over the day, but half hadbreakfast, while the other half did What they found was that it wasn"t breakfast itselfthat caused the participants to lose weight: it was changing their normal

E) If breakfast alone isn"t a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link betweenobesity and breakfast-skipping? Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research atthe University of Aberdeen, argues that it may simply be because breakfast-skippershave been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and "There are a lotof studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and possible health outcomes, but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually have health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking," she

F) A 20XX review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast andweight management concluded there is "limited evidence" supporting or refuting (反驳) the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence isrequired before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent

G) Researches from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfwaythrough research looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influencesbody Early findings suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to Breakfast has been found to affect more than just Skipping breakfasthas been associated with a 27% increased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher risk oftype 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in Onereason may be breakfast"s nutritional value -- partly because cereal is fortified (增加营养价值) with In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in theUK, researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient intake was better in those whohad breakfast There have been similar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canada andthe

H) Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentrationand language A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improvememory, though the effects on other brain functions were However, oneof the review"s researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is "reasonable" evidencebreakfast does improve concentration -- there just needs to be more "Lookingat studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a benefit wasexactly the same as the number that found no benefit," she "And no studies foundthat eating breakfast was bad for "

I) What"s most important, some argue, is what we eat for High-proteinbreakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food andconsumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian CommonwealthScientific and Industrial Research While cereal remains a firm favouriteamong breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugarcontent of "adult" breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and sugarwas the second or third highest ingredient in

J) But some research suggests if we"re going to eat sugary foods, it"s best to do it One study recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where halfadded dessert to their breakfast, and half didn" Those who added dessert lost anaverage of 40 pounds more -- however, the study was unable to show the A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type ofbreakfast is healthier, and concluded that the type of breakfast doesn"t matter as muchas simply eating

K) While there"s no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating andwhen, the consensus is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we" "Breakfast is most important for people who are hungry when they wake up," Johnstone "Each body starts the day differently -- and those individual differencesneed to be researched more closely," Spitznagel "A balanced breakfast is reallyhelpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave bloodsugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels," "Breakfast isn"t the only meal we should be getting "

According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness ofnutrition and

Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food

Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the

It has been found that not cating breakfast is related to the incidence of certaindiseases in some

Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself thatinduced weight

To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what

It is widely considered wrong not to eat

More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or

Pecople who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher

Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memorise and

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three When the passage isread for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general the passageis read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact wordsyou have just Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you shouldcheck what you have

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following

Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in Textbookpublisher Pearson is the largest publisher -- of any kind -- in the

It costs about $1 million to create a new A freshman textbook will have dozensof contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expertreviewers and classroom Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors andstudents in ways that alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educationalresources, simply do This connection happens not only by means of collaborativedevelopment, review and testing, but also at conferences where faculty regularly decideon their textbooks and curricula for the coming

It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to studentsrenting or buying used print But this can be chalked up to the excessivelyhigh cost of their books -- which has increased over 1,000 percent since Arestructuring of the textbook industry may well be in But this does not mean theend of the textbook

While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or Forexample, over the centuries, they have simulated (模拟) dialogues in a number of From 1800 to the present day, textbooks have done this by posing questions for studentsto answer inductively (归纳性地). That means students are asked to use their individualexperience to come up with answers to general Today"s psychology texts, forexample, ask: "How much of your personality do you think you inherited?" while ones inphysics say: "How can you predict where the ball you tossed will land?"

Experts observe that "textbooks come in layers, something like an " For an activelearner, engaging with a textbook can be an interactive Readers proceed attheir own They "customize" their books by engaging with different layers Highlighting, Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow for furthercustomization that students value in print books over digital forms of

What does the passage say about open educational resources?

A) They contribute to teaching as much as to

B) They don"t profit as much as traditional textbooks

C) They can"t connect professors and students as textbooks

D) They compete fercely for customers with textbook

What is the main cause of the publishers" losses?

A) Failure to meet student

B) Industry

C) Emergence of

D) Flling

What does the textbook industry need to do?

A) Reform its

B) Cut its retail

C) Find replacements for printed

D) Change its business strategy

What are students expected to do in the learning process?

A) Think carefully before answering each

B) Ask questions based on their own

C) Answer questions using their personal

D) Give answers showing their respective

What do experts say about students using textbooks?

A) They can digitalize the prints

B) They can leam in an interactive

C) They can purchase custonized

D) They can adapt the material

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them intotwo distinct groups: one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food tomake its Well, those dividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of asea slug (海蛞蝓) that"s truly half animal and half It"s pretty incredible how it hasmanaged to hijack the genes of the algae (藻类) on which it

The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment (色素) in plants thatcaptures energy from sunlight, and hold these genes within their The termkleptoplasty is used to describe the practice of using hijacked genes to create nutrientsfrom And so far, this green sea slug is the only known animal that can be trulyconsidered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some plant-like Many scientists have studied the green sea slugs to confirm that they are actually able tocreate energy from

In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well that they pass it on to their Their babies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, thoughthey can"t generate energy from sunlight until they"ve eaten enough algae to steal thenecessary genes, which they can"t yet produce on their

"There"s no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell," says Sidney Pierce from the University of South "And yet here, they Theyallow the animal to rely on sunshine for its So if something happens to theirfood source, they have a way of not starving to death until they find more algae to "

The sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up to ninemonths without having to eat any They get all their nutritional needs met by thegenes that they"ve hijacked from the

What is the distinctive feature of a sea slug?

A) It looks like both a plant and an

B) It converts some sea animals into

C) It lives half on animals and half on

D) It gets energy from both food and

What enables the sea slug to live like a plant?

A) The genes it captures from the sea plant

B) The mechanism by which it conserves

C) The nutrients it hjacks from other

D) The green pigment it inberits from its

What does the author say about baby sea slugs?

A) They can live without sunlight for a long

B) They can absorb sunlight right after their

C) They can survive without algac for quite some

D) They can produce chlorophyl on their

What does Sidney Pierce say about genes fom an alga?

A) They are stolen from animals like the sea

B) They can"t function unless exposed to

C) They don"t usually function inside animal

D) They can readily be converted to sca slug

What do we learn about sea slugs from the passage?

A) They behave the way most plant species

B) They can survive for months without

C) They will turn into plants when they

D) They will starve to death without

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chineseinto You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet

中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。

2023年12月四级真题 第14篇

Part Ⅰ Writing

The Challenges of Studying Abroad

①As is universally acknowledged, it is by no means easy to study abroad ② since youcould come across a list of unexpected difficulties and setbacks which you cannotimagine before going

③First of all, the top challenge is the culture shock, which means you may not adapt tothe exotic life during the first few days or even ④ secondly, the languagebarrier could be a nightmare for many foreign students who possess poor mastery ofthe official language of the country where they ⑤ Last but not least, you could beoverwhelmed by the academic requirements if you are not well Long lists ofreference books, numerous projects, papers and professors with varying personalitiescould wear you

⑥ Despite all these terrifying challenges, you will finally manage to come through this"dark age" with your hard work, persistence and And then a bright futurewill await

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

A

C

B

D

D

B

C

D

A

C

A

B

D

C

B

B

A

B

D

A

C

A

B

C

D

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：NBFLC EMKGA

36-45：GMFCE DAHKB

46-55：ADCAB CDACB

Part IV Translation

It is a fact that more and more Chinese can hardly live without their mobile Many of them, including senior citizens, use mobile apps to keep in touchwith others and expand their circles of They also use mobile phones to shoponline and search for information because they are What"s more, communication through mobile apps costs less than traditional phone However, this new trend results in the over-reliance on mobile phones when people As a matter of fact, some young people have become so addicted to mobilephones that they have neglected the face-to-face communication with their family

2023年12月四级真题 第15篇

导语：大学英语四级考试，即CET-4，College English Test Band 4的缩写，是由国家教育部高等教育司主持的全国性教学考试。下面是小编给大家整理的英语四级万能句子内容，希望能给你带来帮助!

1)用于描写漫画、图表的常用句型

①As the graph depicts , …

②From the cartoon /picture , we can see that …

③According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ,

④The table shows / indicates / reveals that …

⑤It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that …

(2)用于句首提出论题或现象的句

2023年12月四级真题 第16篇

at the thought of 一想到…

as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论

at will 随心所欲

(be) abundant in (be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有

access (to) (不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解

by accident (=by chance, accidentally) 偶然地，意外;Without accident(=safely) 安全地

of one’s own accord (=without being asked; willingly; freely) 自愿地 ,主动地

in accord with 与…一致 out of one’s accord with 同。。。不一致

with one accord (=with everybody agreeing) 一致地

in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据

on one’s own account

1) 为了某人的缘故， 为了某人自己的利益

2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责

3) (=by oneself)依靠自己

take…into account (=consider) 把。。。考虑进去

give an account of 说明，解释 (理由)

account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释，说明

on account of (=because of) 由于，因为

on no account (=in no case, for no reason) 绝不要，无论如何不要 (放句首时句子要倒装)

accuse…of… (=charge…with; blame for sth ; blame on ; complain about) 指控，控告

be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to) 习惯于

be acquainted with (=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉

act on 奉行，按照。。。行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理

adapt oneself to (=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于

adapt…(for) (=make Suitable for a new need) 改编， 改写(以适应新的需要)

in addition (=besides) 此外， 又， 加之

in addition to (=as well as, besides, other than) 除。。。外

adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持，遵循

adjacent (=next to, close to) 毗邻的， 临近的

(to) (=change slightly) 调节; 适应;

admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) 。。。

的可能，留有。。。的余地。

in advance (before in time) 预告，事先

to advantage 有利的，使优点更加突出地

have an advantage over 胜过

have the advantage of 由于。。。处于有利条件

have the advantage of sb知道某人所不知道的事

take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness) 利用

agree with 赞同 (某人意见) agree to 同意

in agreement (with) 同意， 一致

ahead of 在。。。之前， 超过。。。; 。。。ahead of time 提前

in the air 1) 不肯定， 不具体. 2) 在谣传中

above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是， 最重要的

in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共， 总计

all at once (=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; 说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎

allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到， 估计到

amount to (=to be equal to) 总计， 等于。

answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对。。。负责。

answer to (=conform to) 适合，符合。

be anxious about 为。。。焦急不安; 或anxious for

apologize to for 为。。。向。。。道歉

appeal to for 为某事向某人呼吁; appeal to 对某人有吸引力

apply to for 为。。。向。。。申请; apply for 申请; apply to 适用。

apply to 与。。。有关;适用

approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成， approve 批准

arise from (=be caused by) 由…引起。

arrange for to do 安排…做…

2023年12月四级真题 第17篇

26-30 K D M O A

31-35 F H I C B

A. associated （v +ed.） 与…相关联

B. examine（v.）检查；
检测

C. indicate（v.）意味；
指示；
象征

D. nuisance（n.）讨厌的人或事

E. peak（n.）巅峰；
峰值

F. preventing（v +ing.）防止；
组织

G. prohibiting（v +ing.）禁止

H. sensitive（a.）敏感的

I. slight（a.）微小的

J. specify（v.）详细说明；
指定

K. superior（a.）高超的；
优秀的

L. suspicious（a.）可疑的

M. tip（n.）尖端

N. treated（v +ed）被治疗的"；
被对待的

O. visual（a.）视觉的

36. I

定位：段落第一句，”Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation ,in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.”

37. E

定位：段落首句。”Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-home exams.”

38. C

定位：段落第三句“He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.”

39. D

定位：段落首句“He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.”

40. B

定位：
have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I Learned this, figuring I Had a full week to do the research.

41. H

定位：here are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.

42. G

定位：students’ test-form preferences vary ,too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.

43. F

定位：Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help.

44. A

定位：So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.

45. J

定位：“I like in-classs exams because the time is already reserved ,as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.

46-50 D C A C B

51-55 D A A C B

2023年12月四级真题 第18篇

首先是要切忌单纯地背单词。往往在四级考试之前，许多同学会日日夜夜捧着一本词汇手册猛背，争取要在最后的时间中记住更多的单词。其实这是一个误区。背单词增大词汇量是件好事，但单纯得记单词就不可取了。俗话说，词不离句。意思就是说要把单词放到句子中去理解、去分析。

其次，要在最后的时间段里进行广泛地阅读，不断提高阅读的速度、技巧和效率，熟练掌握阅读科学的方法。纵所周知，阅读是四级考试中所占比例最大的一部分，那么我们该怎样将其把握好呢?这就需要我们平时进行广泛地阅读，坚持阅读，在不断的阅读过程中掌握一定的方法。阅读的内容可广泛地涉及到时事，科技，文化，风土人情等。具体阅读的方法在很多相关的辅导书上都有介绍，在此不再赘述。总之，英语阅读很重要，广大同学要予以足够的重视。

再有，英语作文也是四级考试中很重要的一部分，而要提高这一部分的分值唯一的方法就是多写多练笔。笔者建议广大同学可以在最后的复习阶段做到每天写一篇，写作的内容可以是近期的热门话题。在写作的过程中发现不足，不断改进。

还有很重要的一点就是要坚持朗读。其实朗读带给我们的帮助不仅仅是提高语感，增强口语。还有就是它同样可以帮助我们提高听力。边读边听，听读结合就能收到单纯地练习听力所得不到的效果。

最后谈谈参考书的问题。现在市场上的英语四级辅导书可谓良莠不齐，若是选书不当，往往会起到相反的效果，误人子弟。笔者不建议广大同学做太多的习题，买太多的辅导书，只需在考前有选择性地做几套历年的试题作为热身即可。因为历年的试题有其他模拟题所没有的规范性和权威性。

2023年12月四级真题 第19篇

Section A News Report

Directions：
In this section, you will hear threenews At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three Both thenews report and the questions will be spokenonly After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) The number of male nurses has gone

B) There is discrimination against male

C) There is a growing shortage of medical

D) The number of nurses has dropped to a record

A) Working

B) Educational

C) Inadequate

D) Cultural

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) He fell out of a

B) He was almost

C) He lost his way on a

D) He enjoyed swimming in the

A) The lifeboats patrol the area round the

B) The beach is a good place to watch the

C) The emergency services are

D) The beach is a popular tourist

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) It climbed 25 storeys at one

B) It broke into an office

C) It escaped from a local

D) It became an online

A) Release it into the

B) Return it to its

C) Send it back to the

D) Give it a physical

A) A racoon can perform acts no human

B) A racoon can climb much higher than a

C) The racoon did something no politician

D) The raccoon became as famous as some

Section B Conversation

Directions：
In this section, you will hear two long At the end of eachconversations you will hear four Both the conversations and the question-s willbe spoken only After you hear a You must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) She received a bonus

B) She got a well-paying job in a

C She received her first monthly

D) She got a pay raise for her

A) Two decades

B) Several years

C) Just last

D) Right after

A) He sent a small check to his

B) He treated his parents to a nice

C) He took a few of his friends to a

D) He immediately deposited it in a

A) Join her colleagues for gym

B) Visit her former university

C) Buy some professional

D) Budget her salary

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) He has just too many things to attend

B) He has been overworked

C) He has a difficult decision to

D) He has just quarreled with his

A) Turn to his girlfriend for

B) Give priority to things more

C) Think twice before making the

D) Seek advice from his family and

A) His girlfriend does not support his

B) He is not particularly keen on the job

C) He lacks the money for his doctoral

D) His parents and advisor have different

A)They need time to make

B) They haven"t started their careers

C) They need to save enough money for

D) They haven"t won their parents"

Section C Passage

Directions：
In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) Expressing ideas and opinions

B) Enriching social and intellectual

C) Acquiring information and professional

D) Using information to understand and solve

A) Traveling to different places in the

B) Playing games that challenge one"s

C) Improving mind-reading

D) Reading classic scientific

A) Participate in debates or

B) Expose themselves to different

C) Discard personal biases and

D) Give others freedom to express

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) Why dogs can be faithful friends of

B) The nature of relationships between

C) The reason a great many people love

D) How dogs feel about their bonds with

A) They behave like other animals in many

B) They have an unusual sense of

C) They can respond to humans"

D) They can fall in love just like

A) They stay with one partner for

B) They have their own joys and

C) They experience true romantic

D) They help humans in various

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) A rare

B) A historical

C) A cow

D) A precious

A) Dating

B) Preserving

C) Measuring

D) Identifying

A) The channel needs to interview the

B) The boy should have called an

C) The boy"s family had acted

D) The site should have been

A) Conduct a more detailed

B) Ask the university to reward

C) Search for similar fossils

D) Seek additional funds for the

2023年12月四级真题 第20篇

考四级就要听四级真题，建议先不要做题，而是利用四级真题听力作为听写材料，一句一句的听，一句一句的写，刚开始听不懂是正常的，但不要放弃，这样坚持听了几篇左右后你会发现质的变化的!

有空的时候听听VOA做泛听练习，培养感觉!

背四级的高频单词!一定要会读会写!

短对话：

1、看题时关注谓语宾语表语(动词形容为先)并勾画

2、对立或相似选项保留

3、急速准备校园餐厅酒店等必考场景

4、听第二句、听语气态度转折动作

5、包含用以替换词语的选择成功系数最大

6、救命原则：视听反响，听到的不选

长对话：

关注男女两人语气，把握大方向;

7道题中，试听一致原则可以解答出4道题目左右;

对话的替换法比较简单，一般是词性替换(popular - popularity)和简单词义替换(be fed up with – be tired of)：较短选项的题目利用重复发，即读最多遍的选项为正确答案。

短文听力：

1、 纵向归选项，划出不一样的谓语宾语表语部分

2、 顺序出题，绝大部分题听到什么选什么，少数同义替换解题

3、 疑问语气和因果转折关系词(because, but, etc)后极易出考点

4、 边听边做!不等问题!

复合式听写：

1、 预看题时筛出已给段落高频词，极易在后三个句子中出现

2、 预判前8个空中可能填名词和动词的题，稍后重点关注其单复数或时态

3、 3个句子听到什么写什么，首尾部分最易写出，誊写时尽量修改补全使之成为完整句子

2023年12月四级真题 第21篇

It is more blessed to give than to 施恩比受惠更有福。

A truthful friend is the medicine of 忠实的朋友是生活中的良药。

A young idler, an old 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

Constant dropping wears the 滴水穿石。

If winter comes, can spring be far behind 冬天来了，春天还会远吗。

He who has never hoped can never 从来不抱希望的人永远不会失望。

You have to believe in That is the secret of 你必须相信自己。这是成功的秘诀。

Ideal is the Without ideal, there is no secure direction; without direction, there is no 理想是指路的明灯。没有理想，就没有坚定的方向;没有反向，就没有生活。

A work ill done must be twice

首次做不好，必须重新搞。

Zeal without knowledge is fire without

有热情而物质时犹如有火焰而无光芒。

So precious is time that we can"t afford to waste

时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

It is right to put everything in its proper

凡事都应用得其所。

This issue has caused wide public

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

2023年12月四级真题 第22篇

不管是英语还是语文阅读理解，我们首先都应该先读标题(可能没有)和题目，然后带着问题读文章。

泛读文章，把文章大意过一遍，了解文章大致内容讲些什么。着重阅读文章每一段的首尾部分，因为首尾部分就是该段的主题。

读完大段落后，就要开始精读了，精读中碰到读不懂的句子，首先找到主谓宾，把一些状语、补语等一些附加成分忽略不计，这样就比较容易理解。

做题目的时候，首先就是排除干扰项，然后根据文章意思再次排除，最后选择答案。

阅读理解的最后一题通常会让你选出哪个是正确的或者哪个是错误的，一定要看清题目。

最后，四级的英语阅读偏向于议论文和说明文，也可能会出现时事新闻的文章，平时可以多看看一些国外的报纸、杂志等等。

大学英语四级阅读理解三大类题型解题技巧

英语四级考试在即，其中仔细阅读主要包涵三个题型，细节题、段落题及全文题。

首先，细节题。

细节题的特征如下：题干出现文中具体的人、概念、时间等，题干重现文中某句的信息，直接问某句某词或短语的意思。

细节题题解题技巧如下：

局限定位：在做题时一定要找准题干定位词，定位至句找出答案。

三句原则：如果在定位句中找不出答案，在定位句前后找找，一般答案不会出这三句。

正选优先：识别正确选项特征。好多学生看到这种说法可能会比较迷茫，下面我们一起来看一下英语四级仔细阅读正确选项及错误选项的特征。

四级阅读细节题正确选项的特征：

对应：选项对应自文中某句的信息，不含推理、无凭空臆想、忌照搬常识。

改写：选项进行同义改写，没有大量照抄原文或者选项进行了同义词替换、句式变换、合理概括归纳。

四级阅读细节题错误选项的特征：

对应错误：选项文章未提及或文章提及，但答非所问。

改写错误：选项与原文相反、偷换原文概念、拼凑无关信息或与原文有偏差、过于绝对。

第二，段落题。

段落题特征如下：题干问整段大意、或从整段归纳及推理;题干只能定位至段、无法更细;题干问的某信息在某段中出现多次。

四级仔细段落题解题技巧如下：

找出段落重点句：段落重点局一般在段首、段末或者段中出现转折的话后面一句话，这几个地方出现有限信息的概率比较大。

找出段落话题词：段落话题次就是段中重现多次的词。

选项定位法(模糊的题)：讲选项带回段中定位、比对，选出最佳答案。

最后，全文题。

全文题的特征是：题干问全文大意、全文意图、作者整体态度等，题干某信息全文分散出现多次，出现在最后一题，且定位模糊。

全文题的解题技巧如下：

开篇方式定中心：根据文章的开篇方式确定文章中心。直叙型/转折型/问答型/举例型。

串联各段整中心：整合各段首句、话题，根据这些内容总结出文章中心。

巧用别题猜中心：利用前面题目的信息推测中心。

正确答案靠中心：议论文主要考文章的话题、态度，说明文主要靠文章的对象、特征。

全文题大家比较容易过度推断或者遗漏条件，同学们在做这类提目时千万不要凭空猜测，一定要根据原文，做到有理可依。

2023年12月四级真题 第23篇

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to besthandle the relationship between teachers and You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three Both the news report and the questions willbe spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) It tries entertain its

B) It tries to look into the

C) It wants to catch people"s

D) It has got one of its limbs

A) It was spotted by animal protection

B) It was filmed by a local television

C) Its videos Were posted on social

D) Its picture won a photography

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) The distance

B) The incidence of road

C) The spending on

D) The number of people

A) Fewer people are

B) Gas consumption is

C) Job growth is slowing

D) Rush-hour traffic is

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) He told a stranger the sad story about

B) He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his

C) He went up to a stranger and pulled at his

D) He washed a stranger"s car in return for some

A) He ordered a lot of food for his

B) He gave him a job at his own

C) He raised a large sum of money for

D) He offered him a scholarship for

A) He works hard to support his

B) He is an excellent student at

C) He is very good at making up

D) He has been disabled since

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) Attended an economics

B) Taken a walk on Charles

C) Had a drink at Queen

D) Had dinner at a new

A) Treat a college friend to

B) Make preparations for a

C) Attend his brothers birthday

D) Visit some of his high school

A) Gather statistics for his

B) Throw a surprise birthday

C) Meet with Jonathan"s friends on the

D) Join him in his brother"s birthday

A) By

B) By

C) By

D) By

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) Taking a vacation

B) Reviewing for his last

C) Saving enough money for a rainy

D) Finding a better way to earn

A) Preparing for his final

B) Negotiating with his boss for a

C) Working part time as a

D) Helping the woman with her

A) Finish her term

B) Save enough

C) Learn a little bit of

D) Ask her parent"s

A) He has rich sailing

B) He speaks Spanish

C) He is also eager to go to

D) He is easy to get along

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) She went to the same university as her

B) She worked as a nurse in the First World

C) She won the Nobel Prize two

D) She was also a Nobel Prize

A) She fought bravely in a series of military

B) She developed X-ray facilities for military

C) She helped to set up several military

D) She made donations to save wounded

A) Both died of blood

B) Both fought in World War

C) Both won military

D) Both married their

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) They were the first settlers in

B) They were the conquerors of

C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth

D) They settled on a small island north of

A) It was some five hundred miles west of

B) It was covered with green most time of the

C) It was the Vikings" most important

D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with

A) The Vikings" ocean

B) The making of European

C) The Vikings" everyday

D) The Europeans" Arctic

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) Work hard for a better

B) Make mistakes now and

C) Dream about the

D) Save against a rainy

A) Teach foreign languages for the rest of his

B) Change what he has for his past imaginary

C) Exchange his two-story house for a beach

D) Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when

A) Criminal

B) City

C) Oriental

D) International

A) Dream and make

B) Take things easy in

C) Be content with what you

D) Enjoy whatever you are

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passagewith ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choicesgiven in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through You may not use any of the words in the bank more than

Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, andcommunication became commonplace in the The driving force behind much ofthis change was a(n) 26 popularly known as the

The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of In the caseof an attack, military advisers suggested the 27 of being able to operate one computerfrom another In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists tocommunicate with other The Internet 28 under government control

One early problem faced by Internet users was Phone lines could only transmitinformation at a 29 The development of fiber-optic (光纤) cables allowed for billionsof bits of information to be received every Companies like Intel developed fastermicroprocessors, so personal computers could process the 30 signals at a more

In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for 31 created home pages where they could place text and graphics tosell Soon airline tickets, hotel 32 , and even cars and homes could bepurchased Universities 33 research data on the Internet, so students could find 34 information without leaving their Companies soon discovered that workcould be done at home and 35 online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began toearn a living from home offices unshaven and wearing pajamas (睡衣).

A) advantage B) commercial C) conservation D) equipped E) incoming F) innovationG) limited H) local I) maintained J) occupations K) posted L) remained M) reservationsN) submitted O) valuable

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to Each statement contains information given in one of the Identify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose aparagraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

The Health Benefits of Knitting

A) About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting I agreed to give it a

B) My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college andfor a few years Then decades passed without my touching a knitting But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also oncrocheting (钩织), and I was on my way to becoming a highly productive

C) I"ve made countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for I takea knitting project with me everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and As Idiscovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here

D) It seems, too, that I"m part of a national renewal of interest in needle and otherhandicrafts (手工艺). The Craft Yarn Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among themmy friend"s three small Last April, the council created a "Stitch Away Stress" campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Herbert Benson, a pioneerin mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitiveaction of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation(沉思) and Once you get beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crochetingcan lower heart rate and blood

E) But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful productsthat can enhance I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on mycellphone to boost my spirits when

F) Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters andcrocheters, who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities"main Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reportedthat during the baby"s five weeks in the intensive care unit, "learning how to knit infanthats gave me a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very It"s a hobbythat I"ve stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide asense of order in hectic (忙乱的) days, and allow my brain time to solve "

G) A recent email from the yarn (纺纱) company Red Heart titled "Health Benefits ofCrocheting and Knitting" prompted me to explore what else might be known about thehealth value of activities like My research revealed that the rewards go wellbeyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of

H) For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapyprograms, including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal forpeople coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calmingeffect and enhance social And having to follow instructions on complex craftprojects can improve children"s math

I) Some people find that craftwork helps them control their Just as it"schallenging to smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there"sless snacking and mindless eating out of

J) I"ve found that my handiwork with yarn has helped my arthritic (患关节炎的) fingersremain more dexterous (灵巧的) as I A woman encouraged to try knitting andcrocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand painreported on the Craft Yarn Council site that her hands are now less stiff and

K) A 20XX University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder whowere taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears and kept themfrom thinking about their

L) Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit forHealth & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of whatshe calls therapeutic Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who wereclinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very In a studyof 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Corkhill and colleagues reported thatknitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of Shesuggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities likeknitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain Perhapsmost exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may helpto keep off a decline in brain function with In a 20XX study, researchers led by Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random (随机的) sample of1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知方面) normal, about thecognitive activities they engaged in late in The study, published in the Journal ofNeuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in craftslike knitting and crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitivedisorder and memory

M) Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursuesuch activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not showsimilar The researchers speculate that craft activities promote thedevelopment of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive

N) In support of that suggestion, a 20XX study by Denise Park of the University ofTexas at Dallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digitalphotography enhanced memory function in older Those who engaged inactivities that were not intellectually challenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such

O) Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a longlife, those wishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a groupof like-minded I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my

When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped

Knitting can help people stay away from

Even men and children are now joining the army of

Being a member of a crafts group enhances one"s health and prolongs one"s

Knitting diverts people"s attention from their

The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older thatshe became keenly

When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer

Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve

According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild

The products of knitting can increase one"s sense of

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

Passage One

Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following

Nobody really knows how big Lagos What"s indisputable is that it"s growing Between now and 20XX, the urban population of Africa could Yet cities insub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world Most urban Africans live in slums (贫民窟); migrants are often not much better off thanthey were in the Why?

The immediate problem is Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level ofincome than other regions of the world That means there"s little money around forinvestment that would make cities liveable and more Without upgrades andnew capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Traffic jam leads to expense andunpredictability, things that keep investors

In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialisationwent More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feedcities; in turn, that created a pool of labour for But African cities are They are too often built around consuming natural Government isconcentrated in capitals, so is the Most urban Africans work for a smallminority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish (有裙带关系的) businesses or Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food isimported, consuming a portion of

So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities InLagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as $65,000 per year in rent for a modestapartment in a safe part of If that income were better taxed, it might provide therevenue for better If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them Yet even as new roads are built, new people When a city"s population grows by 5% a year, it is difficult to

What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?

A) They have more slums than other cities in the

B) They are growing fast without becoming

C) They are as modernised as many cities

D) They attract migrants who want to be better

What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?

A) It benefited from the contribution of

B) It started when people"s income was relatively

C) It benefited from the accelerated rise in

D) It started with the improvement of peopled

Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?

A) It lacks adequate transport

B) The living expenses there are too

C) It is on the whole too densely

D) The local governments are

In what way does the author say African cities are different?

A) They have attracted huge numbers of farm

B) They still rely heavily on agricultural

C) They have developed at the expense of

D) They depend far more on foreign

What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?

A) Lowering of apartment

B) Better education for

C) More rational overall

D) A more responsible

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

For the past several decades, it seems there"s been a general consensus on how to getahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?

The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount ofcontrol over their ability to be Overwhelmingly, the results show that today， the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite differentthan it did in the late 20th

By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were thedeciding factor in how their lives turned But respondents had decidedly mixedfeelings about what actions make for a better life in the current

In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power ofeducation to lead to Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievablegoal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a four-year collegeeducation in order to be

Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master"s degree and works in public health, was the first inhis family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financialstability his parents and grandparents never

While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the educationitself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and neverearned a college degree, thinks "personal drive" is far more important than just going To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-schooleducation, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessaryingredients for a successful life in

It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have .

A) an advanced academic degree

B) an ambition to get ahead

C) a firm belief in their dream

D) a sense of drive and purpose

What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the Americandream?

A) More and more Americans are finding it hard to

B) It remains alive among the majority of American

C) Americans" idea of it has changed over the past few

D) An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning

What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?

A) It still remains open to

B) It has proved to be beyond

C) It is no longer as important as it used to

D) It is much better understood now than

How do some people view college education these days?

A) It promotes gender

B) It needs to be

C) It adds to cultural

D) It helps broaden their

What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?

A) A desire to learn and to

B) A strong sense of

C) A willingness to commit

D) A clear aim and high

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chineseinto You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet

华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿的人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。