英语四级阅读真题长难句解析3篇（全文完整）

英语四级阅读真题长难句解析1、Asthetradewindslesseninstrength,theoceantemperaturesrise,causin下面是小编为大家整理的英语四级阅读真题长难句解析3篇,供大家参考。

英语四级阅读真题长难句解析篇1

1、 As the trade winds lessen in strength, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃。 （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 the ocean temperatures rise。as 引导时间状语从句。现在分词短语causing…作伴随状语。as much as是比较结构，意为“和……一样”。

【译文】随着信风强度的减弱，海洋温度升高，导致了秘鲁寒流从东部流入，温度上升了5摄氏度。

2 。The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 The system was launched and has been hailed。介词as 在这里意为“作为，当作”。

【译文】州际公路体系最终在1956年开建，并被称道为那个世纪最伟大的工程之一。

3、 He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为He says…。says 后接宾语从句。it 作形式主语，该结构It + takes + （sb.） some time + to do sth.表示“（某人）……花费时间做……”。using a bare minimum of tools 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。

【译文】他声称自己可以花几分钟就能教会一个新手用最少的几样工具偷到一辆车。

4、 But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为并列复合句。句子主干为Hancock says…。 says 后是省略 that 的宾语从句。从句中it 是形式主语，真正的`主语是两个并列的 whether 引导的主语从句。

【译文】但是 Hancock 说问题的关键还在于交流的内容有没有被记录，有没有被重读的可能性，是否即时发生。

5、 If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient（收件人） uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions.（2006年6月）

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为find out…。第一个If引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”；第二个if引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，相当于whether；because后说明原因。

【译文】如果你提交的是英文简历，需要了解收件人使用的是英式英语还是美式英语，因为这两种说法存在差别。

6、 It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds（信风）， which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为并列复合句。主句为It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by…winds。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 failure。过去分词短语driven by these winds是the ocean currents的后置定语。

【译文】这种现象首先出现在太平洋，并且被认为是由于信风引起的，信风会对洋流产生影响。

7、 A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called strict, centrally controlled design criteria. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为并列复合句。主句为A government study recommended…， and Congress soon passed the…Act of 1944。 which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944。

【译文】一份政府研究报告建议在全国范围建设总长33920英里的公路，国会很快就通过了1944年联邦支持公路的法案，这项法案规定了严格的中央控制的设计标准。

8、 Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 system and methods influenced construction and were invaluable。第二个and连接两个并列谓语。developed under the interstate program 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 systems和methods。

【译文】在州际公路项目下发展的交通控制系统以及建筑方式很快影响到了世界范围公路的建设，并为改善城市街道和交通模式起到了重要作用。

9、 By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为highways have enabled…to reach people, spurred the growth, and provided people with options。By opening the North American continent 是方式状语。

【译文】通过开通北美洲路线，公路使得消费品和服务能够到达住在边远地区和农村地区的人们那里，刺激周边地区经济发展，为人们提供更多选择，如工作、文化活动、保健及其他福利。

10、 The technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been affordable only to the very rich. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为technological advances made it possible to enjoy…。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to enjoy what had once been affordable only to the very rich。what 引导的从句作enjoy的宾语。possible 是made的宾语补足语。

【译文】技术上的进步使中产阶级也能享受到那些原来只有有钱人才负担得起的东西。

11、 His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 results have surprised psychologists。to be presented…in April 是不定式短语作定语，修饰 results。

【译文】他的研究结果令一些心理学家非常吃惊，他将在四月份奥地利维也纳举行的人机互动交流大会上为大家展现。

12、 And economics, with its emphasis on incentives，provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为economics provides guideposts。介词短语 with its emphasis on incentives 是 economics 的伴随状语，分隔了主句的主语和谓语。that引导定语从句，修饰 guideposts。why引导宾语从句，作 explanation for 的宾语。

【译文】因为本身强调激励作用，经济学对于大多数女孩被剥夺受教育权利的原因作出了解释。

13、 Many in-home jobs that used to be done primarily by women — ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing voluntary work — still need to be done by someone. （2006年12月）

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 jobs need to be done。 that 引导定语从句，修饰 jobs。 ranging from…to…voluntary work 是现在分词短语作定语，也修饰 jobs。

【译文】许多过去主要由妇女做的家务活，例如购物、准备晚饭、做义务家务，现在仍然需要有人完成。

14、 In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. （2006年12月）

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 water was called the champagne and considered the best。 for more than a century 是时间状语。

【译文】实际上一个多世纪以来，纽约的市政水一直被称为自来水中的香槟，而且直到现在也被认为是世界上味道最好、最纯净的水。

15、 Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school — the prophecy（预言） becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle（恶性循环） of neglect. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为复合句。主句是破折号后的内容，前面则是prophecy的同位语从句。该从句包含一个while引导的比较状语从句，其中又嵌套一个than引导的比较状语从句，省略了从句谓语。trapping是现在分词短语作伴随状语。

【译文】所以，与男孩相比，女孩被认为没有用处而只能待在家里做家务，而她们的兄弟却被送去读书——这样的预言正如预期的那样成为了现实，使女性陷入被忽视的恶性循环。

16、 Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic（长久的） personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 Interest has soared。过去分词 enhanced 作定语，修饰 Interest，表示被动。that 引导定语从句，修饰 shortages。

【译文】近几年来，由于长时间的人员紧缺，许多公司都跨出国界寻求人才，从而使得人们到海外寻求工作的热情和兴趣日益高涨。

17、 Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use and the nature of the underlying soil. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句是简单句。句子主干为 Variables included…。并列结构 the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use和 the nature of the underlying soil是included 的宾语。

【译文】变数包括土地的坡度、人行道所能支撑的承受力、道路使用密集度以及下方土地的性质。

18、 Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 Bridges and tunnels met challenges。long-span, segmented-concrete和 cable-stayed是三个并列的合成形容词作bridges的定语。such as和like表示举例说明。

【译文】跨度大、混凝土分割、电缆遍布的大桥，如路易斯安那州的黑尔伯格，佛罗里达州的阳光大道；还有著名的隧道，如马里兰州的福特马克亨利，华盛顿州的贝克山，这些建筑的建设都遇到了许多国内自然条件的挑战。

19、 Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为并列句。句子主干为Not only has the highway system affected the economy, it has led to the growth。not only…but also 句型属并列结构，意为“不仅……而且”，but also 可以省略。 not only 在句首，句子谓语要用部分倒装语序。

【译文】公路系统不但通过提供运输路线影响美国经济的发展，还带动了一批诸如加油站、汽车旅馆、酒店、购物中心等相关行业的发展。

20、 An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为mother has abilities and faces choices。on the other hand是插入结构，分隔了主语和谓语，意为“另一方面”。

【译文】从另一方面来讲，一位受过教育的母亲，有更多在外赚钱的本事，并且能面对一系列完全不同的选择。

21、 When we designed America’s first so-called “green” office building in New York two decades ago, we felt very alone. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 we felt very alone。when 引导时间状语从句。

【译文】二十年前，在纽约设计美国第一个所谓的“绿色”办公大楼时，我们感到势单力薄。

22、 The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis revealed indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 buildings revealed problems。过去分词短语 constructed after the 1970s energy crisis 作后置定语，修饰buildings；caused by materials 作后置定语，修饰 problems。注意，过去分词作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。

【译文】20世纪70年代能源危机后建造的节能型封闭性商业建筑暴露出由油漆、墙纸和地毯等材料引起的室内空气质量问题。

23、 So for 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials down to the molecules, looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 we’ve been focusing on these materials。looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet 是现在分词短语作目的状语。

【译文】因此，二十年来，我们集中研究这些材料，直至分子层面，以寻求方法使它们于人体和地球无害。

24、 “As sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of what to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为“As sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of what to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua。介词as意为“作为，当作”，后接名词作状语。what to do about it 作 of 的宾语。a recent college graduate and…Research Laboratories 是 Eric Shashoua 的同位语；a company created by the students to develop their idea是Axon Sleep Research Laboratories的同位语。过去分词短语created by the students to develop their idea 作后置定语，修饰 company。

【译文】“我们自己作为失眠的人，开始思考做些什么来消除失眠，” Eric Shashoua 说。Eric 为应届大学毕业生，现任由学生们为发展自己的理念而创办的一家公司即Axon睡眠研究实验室的首席执行官。

25、 The headband equipped with electrodes and microprocessor measures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the same way as some machines used for medical and research purposes and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为并列句。句子主干为The headband measures the electrical activity and communicates with a clock unit。过去分词短语equipped with electrodes and microprocessor作定语，修饰headband。in much the same way…purposes是方式状语。used for…purposes是后置定语，修饰machines。

【译文】装有电极和微处理器的头带与应用于医学和研究目的的一些机器原理相近，测量佩戴者脑部电流活动并将信息通过无线网络传达给床边的闹钟。

26、 Ultimately, however, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating completely healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil or reused by industry again and again. （2006年6月）

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为our basic design strategy is focused not on being “less bad” but on creating healthful materials。that引导定语从句，修饰materials。however 意为“然而”，是插入成分。not…but…意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个介词短语。either…or…意为“或者……或者……”，表示并列结构。

【译文】然而最终，我们的基本设计目标不仅是简单地关注于“较低危害”，而是发明完全有益于健康的材料，这种材料或可以无害地回归土地，或可以被工业重复利用。

英语四级阅读真题长难句解析篇2

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstoteachEnglishinChina.Pleaserecommendacitytohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

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PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionANewsReport

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Manyfacilitiesweredestroyedbyawanderingcow.

B)Awanderingcowknockeddownoneofitsfences.

C)Sometouristswereinjuredbyawanderingcow.

D)Awanderingcowwascapturedbythepolice.

2.A)Itwasshottodeathbyapoliceofficer.

B)Itfounditswaybacktothepark"szoo.

C)Itbecameagreatattractionfortourists.

D)Itwassenttotheanimalcontroldepartment.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Itisthelargestofitskind.

B)Itisgoingtobeexpanded.

C)Itisdisplayingmorefossilspecimens.

D)Itisstaringanonlineexhibition.

4.A)AcollectionofbirdfossilsfromAustralia.

B)Photographsofcertainrarefossilexhibits.

C)SomeancientwallpaintingsfromAustralia.

D)Picturesbywinnersofawildlifephotocontest.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Pickuptrash.

B)Amusevisitors.

C)Delivermessages.

D)Playwithchildren.

6.A)Theyareespeciallyintelligent.

B)Theyarechildren"sfavorite.

C)Theyarequiteeasytotame.

D)Theyarecleanandpretty.

7.A)Childrenmaybeharmedbytherooks.

B)Childrenmaybetemptedtodroplitter.

C)Childrenmaycontractbirddiseases.

D)Childrenmayoverfeedtherooks.

SectionBConversation

Directions：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationsyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestion-swillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion.YoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)ItwillbeproducedatHarvardUniversity.

B)Itwillbehostedbyfamousprofessors.

C)Itwillcoverdifferentareasofscience.

D)Itwillfocusonrecentscientificdiscoveries.

9.A)Itwillbemorefuturistic.

B)Itwillbemoresystematic.

C)Itwillbemoreentertaining.

D)Itwillbeeasiertounderstand.

10.A)Peopleinterestedinscience.

B)Youngsterseagertoexplore.

C)Childrenintheirearlyteens.

D)Studentsmajoringinscience.

11.A)Offerprofessionaladvice.

B)Providefinancialsupport.

C)HelppromoteitontheInternet.

D)Makeepisodesforitsfirstseason.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Unsure.

B)Helpless.

C)Concerned.

D)Dissatisfied.

13.A)Heistooconcernedwithbeingperfect.

B)Helosesheartwhenfacedwithsetbacks.

C)Heistooambitiousinachievinggoals.

D)Hetakesonprojectsbeyondhisability.

14.A)Embarrassed.

B)Unconcerned.

C)Miserable.

D)Resentful.

15.A)Trytobeoptimisticwhateverhappens.

B)Comparehispresentwithhispastonly.

C)Alwayslearnfromothers"achievements.

D)Treatothersthewayhewouldbetreated.

SectionCPassage

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theyhaveastrongersenseofsocialresponsibility.

B)Theyaremorelikelytosucceedinthehumanities.

C)Theyaremorelikelytobecomeengineers.

D)Theyhavegreaterpotentialtobeleaders.

17.A)Praisegirlswholiketospeakupfrequently.

B)Encouragegirlstosolveproblemsontheirown.

c)Insistthatboysandgirlsworktogethermore.

D)Respondmorepositivelytoboys"comments.

18.A)Offerpersonalizedteachingmaterials.

B)Provideavarietyofoptionalcourses.

C)Placegreatemphasisontestscores.

D)Payextraattentiontotopstudents.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Itoftenrainscatsanddogs.

B)Itseldomrainsinsummertime.

C)Itdoesnotrainasmuchaspeoplethink.

D)ItisoneofthemostrainycitiesintheUS.

20.A)Theydrivemostofthetime.

B)Therainisusuallyverylight.

C)Theyhavegotusedtotherain.

D)Theraincomesmostlyatnight.

21.A)Ithasalotofplacesforentertainment.

B)Ithasneverseenthunderandlighting.

C)Ithasfewercloudydaysthananyothercoastalcity.

D)Ithasmildweatherbothinsummerandinwinter.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Itoccurswhenpeoplearedoingarepetitiveactivity.

B)Itresultsfromexertingone"smusclescontinuously.

C)Ithappenswhenpeopleengageinanuncommonactivity.

D)Itcomesfromstainingone"smusclesinanunusualway.

23.A)Bloodflowandbodyheatincreaseintheaffectedarea.

B)Bodymovementsintheaffectedareabecomedifficult.

C)Theybegintomakerepairsimmediately.

D)Theygraduallybecomefragmented.

24.A)Aboutoneweek.

B)Abouttwodays.

C)Abouttendays.

D)Aboutfourweeks.

25.A)Applymusclecreams.

B)Drinkplentyofwater.

C)Haveahotshower.

D)Takepain-killers.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Whentravellingoverseas,doyoubuywaterinplasticbottlesortakeyourchanceswithtapwater?ImagineyouarewanderingaboutonaThaiislandor__26__theruinsofAngkor.It"shotsoyougrababottleofwaterfromalocalvendor.It"sthesafethingtodo,right?Thebottleis__27__,andthelabelsays"purewater"。Butmaybewhat"sinsideisnotso__28__.Wouldyoustillbedrinkingitifyouknewthatmorethan90percentofallbottledwatersoldaroundtheworld__29__microplastics?

That"stheconclusionofarecently__30__study,whichanalysed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinninecountries,__31__anaverageof325plasticparticlesperlitreofwater.Thesemicroplasticsincludeda__32__commonlyknownasPETandwidelyusedinthemanufactureofclothingandfoodand__33__containers.ThestudywasconductedattheStateUniversityofNewYorkonbehalfofOrbMedia,ajournalismorganisation.Aboutamillionbottlesareboughteveryminute,notonlybythirstytouristsbutalsobymanyofthe2.1billionworldwidewholivewithunsafedrinkingwater.

Confrontedwiththis__34__,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingNestleandCoca-Colaundertooktheirownstudiesusingthesamemethodology.Thesestudiesshowedthattheirwaterdidcontainmicroplastics,butfarlessthantheOrbstudysuggested.Regardless,theWorldHealthOrganisationhaslaunchedareviewintothe__35__healthrisksofdrinkingwaterfromplasticbottles.

A)adequate

B)admiring

C)contains

D)defending

E)evidence

F)instant

G)liquid

H)modified

I)natural

J)potential

K)released

L)revealing

M)sealed

N)solves

O)substance

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.EachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

MakeStuff,Fail,AndLearnWhileYou"reAtIt

A)We"vealwaysbeenahands-on,doit-yourselfkindofnation.BenFranklin,oneofAmerica"sfoundingfathers,didn"tjustinventthelightningrod.Hiscreationsincludeglasses,innovativestovesandmore.

B)Franklin,whowaslargelyself-taught,mayhavebeenagenius,buthewasn"treallyanexceptionwhenitcomestoAmericanmakingandcreativity.

C)ThepersonalcomputingrevolutionandphilosophyofdisruptiveinnovationofSiliconValleygrew,inpart,outofthecreationsoftheHomebrewComputerClub,whichwasfoundedinagarageinMenloPark,California,inthemid-1970s.Members-includingguysnamedJobsandWozniak-startedmakingandinventingthingstheycouldn"tbuy.

D)Soit"snosurprisethattheMakerMovementtodayisthrivingincommunitiesandsomeschoolsacrossAmerica.Makingisavailabletoordinarypeoplewhoaren"ttiedtobigcompanies,bigdefenselabsorresearchuniversities.ThemakerphilosophyechoesoldideasadvocatedbyJohnDewey,Montessori,andevenancientGreekphilosophers,aswepointedoutrecently.

E)Thesemakerspacesareoftenoutsideofclassrooms,andareservinganimportanteducationalfunction.TheMakerMovementisrediscoveringlearningbydoing,whichisDewey"sphrasefrom100yearsago.WearerediscoveringDeweyandMontessoriandalotofthepracticesthattheypioneeredthathavebeenforgottenoratleastputaside.Amakerspaceisaplacewhichcanbeinaschool,butitdoesn"tlooklikeaclassroom.Itcanbeinalibrary.Itcanbeoutinthecommunity.Ithastoolsandmaterials.It"saplacewhereyougettomakethingsbasedonyourinterestandonwhatyou,relearningtodo.

F)Ideasaboutlearningbydoinghavestruggledtobecomemainstreameducationally,despitebeingoldconceptsfromDeweyandMontessori,PlatoandAristotle,andintheAmericancontext,RalphEmerson,onthevalueofexperienceandself-reliance.It"snotnecessarilyanefficientwaytolearn.Welearn,inasense,bytrialanderror.Learningfromexperienceissomethingthattakestimeandpatience.It"sveryindividualized.Ifyourgoalistohavestandardizedapproachestolearning,whereeverybodylearnsthesamethingatthesametimeinthesameway,thenlearningbydoingdoesn"treallyfitthatmoldanymore.It"snottheworldoftextbooks.It"snottheworldoftesting.

G)Learningbydoingmaynotbeefficient,butitiseffective.Project-basedlearninghasgrowninpopularitywithteachersandadministrators.However,project-basedlearningisnotmaking.Althoughthereisaconnection,thereisalsoadistinction.Thedifferenceliesinwhethertheprojectisinasensedefinedanddevelopedbythestudentorwhetherit"sassignedbyateacher.We"llallgetthekidstobuildasmallboat.WeareallgoingtolearnaboutX,Y,andZ.Thattendstobeoneformofproject-basedlearning.

H)Ireallybelievethecoreideaofmakingistohaveanideawithinyourhead—oryoujustborrowitfromsomeone—andbegintodevelopit,repeatitandimproveit.Then,realizethatideasomehow.Thatthingthatyoumakeisvaluabletoyouandyoucanshareitwithothers.I"minterestedinhowthesethingsareexpressionsofthatperson,theirideas,andtheirinteractionswiththeworld.

I)Insomeways,alotofformsofmakinginschooltrivialize（使变得无足轻重）making.Thethingthatyoumakehasnovaluetoyou.Onceyouaredonedemonstratingwhateverconceptwasinthe;textbook,youthrowawaythepipecleaners,thestraws,thecardboardtubes.

J)Makingshouldbestudent-directedandstudent-led,otherwiseit"sboring.Itdoesn"thavethemotivationofthestudent.I"mnotsayingthatstudentsshouldnotlearnconceptsornotlearnskills.Theydo.Buttoreallyharnesstheirmotivationistobuildupontheirinterest.It"stoletthembeincontrolandtodrivethecar.

K)Teachersshouldaimtobuildasupportive,creativeenvironmentforstudentstodothiswork.Averysocialenvironment,wheretheyarelearningfromeachother.Whentheyhaveaproblem,itisn"ttheteachernecessarilycomingintosolveit.Theyareresponsibleforworkingthroughthatproblem.Itmightbetheyhavetotalktootherstudentsintheclasstohelpgetananswer.

L)Theteacher"sroleismoreofacoachorobserver.Sometimes,topeople,itsoundslikethisisadiminishedroleforteachers.Ithinkit"saheightenedrole.You"recreatingthisenvironment,likeamakerspace.Youhave20kidsdoingdifferentthings.Youarewatchingthemandreallyit"sthehumanbehaviorsyou"relookingat.Aretheyengaged?Aretheydevelopingandrepeatingtheirproject?Aretheystumbling（受挫）？Dotheyneedsomethingthattheydon"thave?Canyouhelpthembeawareofwheretheyare?

M)Mybeliefisthatthegoalofmakingisnottogeteverykidtobehands-on,butitenablesustobegoodlearners.It"snottheknowledgethatisvaluable;it"sthepracticeoflearningnewthingsandunderstandinghowthingswork.Theseareprocessesthatyouaredevelopingsothatyouareable,overtime,totacklemoreinterestingproblems,morechallengingproblems-problemsthatrequiremanypeopleinsteadofoneperson,andmanyskillsinsteadofone.

N)Ifteacherskeepitform-freeandstudent-led,itcanstillbetiedtoacurriculumandaneducationalplan.Ithinkamakerspaceismorelikealibraryinthattherearemultiplesubjectsandmultiplethingsthatyoucanlearn.Whatseemstobemissinginschoolishowthesesubjectsintegrate,howtheyfitttogetherinanymeaningfulway.Ratherthansaying,"Thisisscience,overhereishistory,"Iseeschoolstakingthisideaofprojectsandlookingat:Howdotheysupportchildreninhigherlevellearning?

O)Ifeellikethisisashiftawayfromasubjectmatter-basedcurriculumtoamoreexperientialcurriculumorlearning.It"sstillinitsearlystages,butIthinkit"sshiftingaroundnotwhatkidslearnbuthowtheylearn.

36.Amakerspaceiswherepeoplemakethingsaccordingtotheirpersonalinterests.

37.Theteachers,roleisenhancedinamakerspaceastheyhavetomonitorandfacilitateduringtheprocess.

upwithanideaofone"sownorimprovingonefromothersiskeytotheconcep[]tofmaking.

tostructuredlearning,learningbydoingishighlyindividualized.

40.Americaisanationknownfortheideaofmakingthingsbyoneself.

41.Makingwillbeboringunlessstudentsareabletotakecharge.

42.Makingcanberelatedtoaproject,butitiscreatedandcarriedoutbystudentsthemselves.

43.Theauthorsuggestsincorporatingtheideaofamakerspaceintoaschoolcurriculum.

44.Themakerconceptisamodernversionofsomeancientphilosophicalideas.

45.Makingisnottakenseriouslyinschoolwhenstudentsareaskedtomakesomethingmeaninglesstothembasedontextbooks.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime，youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime，youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally，whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime，youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ProfessorAshokGoelofGeorgiaTechdevelopedanartificiallyintelligentteachingassistanttohelphandletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass,Knowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligence.ThisonlinecourseisacorerequirementofGeorgiaTech"sonlineMasterofScienceinComputerScienceprogram.ProfessorGoelalreadyhadeightteachingassistants,butthatwasn"tenoughtodealwiththeoverwhelmingnumberofdailyquestionsfromstudents.

Manystudentsdropoutofonlinecoursesbecauseofthelackofteachingsupport.Whenstudentsfeelisolatedorconfusedandreachoutwithquestionsthatgounanswered,theirmotivationtocontinuebeginstofade.ProfessorGoeldecidedtodosomethingtoremedythissituationandhissolutionwastocreateavirtualassistantnamedJillWatson,whichisbasedontheIBMWatsonplatform.

GoelandhisteamdevelopedseveralversionsofJillWatsonbeforereleasinghertotheonlineforums.Atfirst,thevirtualassistantwasn"ttoogreat.ButGoelandhisteamsourcedtheonlinediscussionforumtofindallthe40,000questionsthathadeverbeenaskedsincetheclasswaslaunched.ThentheybegantofeedJillwiththequestionsandanswers.Aftersomeadjustmentsandsufficienttime,Jillwasabletoanswerthestudents"questionscorrectly97%ofthetime.Thevirtualassistantbecamesoadvancedandrealisticthatthestudentsdidn"tknowshewasacomputer.Thestudents,whowerestudyingartificialintelligence,wereinteractingwiththevirtualassistantandcouldn"ttellitapartfromarealhumanbeing.Goeldidn"tinformthemaboutJill"strueidentityuntilApril26.Thestudentswereactuallyverypositiveabouttheexperience.

ThegoalofProfessorGoel"svirtualassistantnextyearistotakeoveranswering40%ofallthequestionsposedbystudentsontheonlineforum.ThenameJillWatsonwill,ofcourse,changetosomethingelsenextsemester.ProfessorGoelhasamuchrosieroutlookonthefutureofartificialintelligencethan,say,ElonMusk,StephenHawking,BillGatesorSteveWozniak.

46.WhatdowelearaboutKnowledge-BasedArificialItelligence?

A)Itisarobotthatcananswerstudents"questions.

B)Itisacoursedesignedforstudentstoleamnonline.

C)Itisahigh-techdevicethatrevolutionizesteaching.

D)Itisacomputerprogramthataidsstudentleaming.

47.WhatproblemdidProfessorGoelmeetwith?

A)Hisstudentswereunsatisfiedwiththeassistants.

B)Hiscoursewastoodifficultforthestudents.

C)Students"questionsweretoomanytohandle.

D)Toomanystudentsdroppedoutofhiscourse.

48.WhatdowelearaboutJillWatson?

A)Sheturnedouttobeagreatsucess.

B)Shegotalongprettywellwithstudents.

C)Shewasunwelcometostudentsatfirst.

D)Shewasreleasedonlineasanexperiment.

49.HowdidthestudentsfeelaboutJillWatson?

A)Theythoughtshewasabittooartificial.

B)Theyfoundhernotascapableasexpected.

C)Theycouldnotbutadmireherknowledge.

D)Theycouldnottellherfromarealperson.

50.WhatdoesProfessorGoelplantodonextwithJillWatson?

A)Launchdifferentversionsofheronline.

B)Feedherwithnewquestionsandanswers.

C)Assignhertoanswermoreofstudents"questions.

D)Encouragestudentstointeractwithhermorefreely.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thinkingsmall,beingengaging,andhavingasenseofhumordon"thurt.Thoseareafewofthetraitsofsuccessfulsciencecrowdfundingeffortsthatemergefromarecentstudythatexaminednearly400campaigns.Buthavingalargenetworkandsomepromotionalskillsmaybemorecrucial.

Crowdfunding,raisingmoneyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals,hastakenoffinrecentyearsforeverythingfrommakingmoviestoproducingwater-savinggadgets.ScientistshavetriedtotapInternetdonors,too,withmixedsuccess.Someraisedmorethantwicetheirgoals,butothershavefallenshortofreachingevenmodesttargets.

Todeterminewhatseparatessciencecrowdfundingtriumphsfromfailures,ateamledbysciencecommunicationsscholarMikeSch?feroftheUniversityofZurichexaminedthecontentofthewebpagesfor371recentcampaigns.

Fourtraitsstoodoutforthosethatachievedtheirgoals,theresearchersreportinPublicUnderstandingofScience.Forone,theyuseacrowdfundingplatformthatspecializesinraisingmoneyforscience,andnotjustanykindofproject.AlthoughsiteslikeKickstartertakeallcomers,platformssuchasandonlypresentscientificprojects.Foranother,theypresenttheprojectwithafunnyvideobecausegoodvisualsandasenseofhumorimprovedsuccess.Mostofthemengagewithpotentialdonors,sinceprojectsthatansweredquestionsfrominteresteddonorsfaredbetter.Andtheytargetasmallamountofmoney.Theprojectsincludedinthestudyraised$4,000onaverage,with30%receivinglessthan$1,000.Themoremoneyaprojectsought,thelowerthechanceitreacheditsgoal,theresearchersfound.

Otherfactorsmayalsosignificantlyinfluenceaproject"ssuccess,mostnotably,thesizeofascientist"spersonalandprofessionalnetworks,andhowmucharesearcherpromotesaprojectontheirown.Thosetwofactorsarebyfarmorecriticalthanthecontentonthepage.Crowdfundingcanbepartofresearchers"effortstoreachthepublic,andpeoplegivebecause"theyfeelaconnectiontotheperson"whoisdoingthefundraising—notnecessarilytothescience.

51.Whatdowelearnaboutthescientiststryingtoraisemoneyonlinefortheirprojects?

A)Theydidnotraisemuchduetomodesttargets.

B)Theymadeuseofmixedfundraisingstrategies.

C)Notallofthemachievedtheiranticipatedgoals.

D)Mostofthemputmoviesonlineforthepurpose.

52.WhatisthepurposeofMikeSchafer"sresearchofrecentcrowdfundingcampaigns?

A)Tocreateatractivecontentforsciencewebsites.

B)Toidentifyreasonsfortheirdifferentoutcomes.

C)Tohelpscientiststolaunchinnovativeprojects.

D)Toseparatescienceprojectsfromgeneralones.

53.Whattraitcontributestothesuccessofacrowdfiundingcampaign?

A)Thepotentialbenefittofuturegenerations.

B)Itsinteractionwithprospectivedonors.

C)Itsoriginalityinaddressingfinancialissues.

D)Thevalueoftheproposedproject.

54.Whatdidtheresearchersthinkofthefinancialtargetsofcrowdfundingprojects?

A)Theyshouldbesmalltobesucessful.

B)Theyshouldbebasedonactualneeds.

C)Theyshouldbeassedwithgreatcare.

D)Theyshouldbeambitioustogainnotice.

55.Whatmotivatespeopletodonateinacrowdfundingcampaign?

A)Theeaseofaccesstothecontentofthewebpage.

B)Theirdesiretocontributetothecauseofscience.

C)Thesignificanceandinfluenceoftheprojectitself.

D)Theirfeelingofconnectiontothescientiststhemselves.

PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好教育。他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。多数家长希望孩子能上名牌大学。由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参与国际交流项目，以拓宽其视野。通过这些努力，他们期望孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣作出贡献。

四级真题参考答案（完整版）

PartⅠWriting

HiMark,

I"msogladthatyouhavemadeupyourmindtoteachEnglishinChina.Beforeyoumakeadecisionaboutyourprecisedestination,letmeintroducemyhometown,Chongqing.

LocatedinsouthwestChina,ChongqingmaynotenjoyworldwidefameasmuchasBeijingorShanghai,butitisathrivingmetropoliswithlowercostofliving.Workingandlivinghere,youcanachieveyourcareergoalswithoutfeelingtoomuchstress.Thelocalsareknownforbeingwarmandhospitable,andyoucanteachinawaythatfeelsgoodforyou.Tobesure,teachingaforeignlanguageinacitywhereresidentsspeakadialectallthetimecanbeverychallenging.Ittakestimeindeedtocorrectpronunciationmistakeseachstudentmakes.Butsinceyouarealwayspraisedforyourkindnessandpatience,itshouldhardlybeanobstacleforyou.

Anyway,Iwillsupportandhelpyouasmuchaspossible,whichevercityyougoto.IbelievelivingandteachinginChinawillbeapleasantandmemorableexperienceforyou.

Bestwishes,

LiMing

PartⅡListeningComprehension

1.D

2.D

3.B

4.C

5.A

6.A

7.B

8.C

9.C

10.A

11.B

12.D

13.A

14.C

15.B

16.C

17.D

18.A

19.C

20.B

21.D

22.D

23.A

24.B

25.C

PartIIIReadingComprehension

26-35：BMICKLOGEJ

36-45：EICGKFBJDH

46-55：BCADCCBBAD

PartIVTranslation

Chinesefamiliesattachgreatimportancetotheirchildren"seducation.Manyparentsholdthattheyshouldworkhardtoensuretheirchildren"saccesstogoodeducation.Notonlyaretheyperfectlywillingtoinvestintheirchildren"seducation,buttheyalsospendmuchtimeurgingthemtostudy.Mostparentsexpecttheirchildrentogetadmittedtoeliteuniversities.OwingtoChinasreformandopening-up,anincreasingnumberofparentscansendtheirchildrentostudyabroadorparticipateininternationalexchangeprogramstobroadentheirhorizons.Throughtheseefforts,theyexpecttheirchildrengrowupstrongandhealthyandmakeacontributiontothenation"sdevelopmentandprosperity.

英语四级阅读真题长难句解析篇3

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstolearnChinese.Pleaserecommendaplacetohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionANewsReport

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Thenumberofmalenurseshasgonedown.

B)Thereisdiscriminationagainstmalenurses.

C)Thereisagrowingshortageofmedicalpersonnel.

D)Thenumberofnurseshasdroppedtoarecordlow.

2.A)Workingconditions.

B)Educationalsystem.

C)Inadequatepay.

D)Culturalbias.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Hefelloutofalifeboat.

B)Hewasalmostdrowned.

C)Helosthiswayonabeach.

D)Heenjoyedswimminginthesea.

4.A)Thelifeboatspatrolthearearoundtheclock.

B)Thebeachisagoodplacetowatchthetide.

C)Theemergencyservicesareefficient.

D)Thebeachisapopulartouristresort.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Itclimbed25storeysatonego.

B)Itbrokeintoanofficeroom.

C)Itescapedfromalocalzoo.

D)Itbecameanonlinestar.

6.A)Releaseitintothewild.

B)Returnittoitsowner.

C)Senditbacktothezoo.

D)Giveitaphysicalcheckup.

7.A)Aracooncanperformactsnohumancan.

B)Aracooncanclimbmuchhigherthanacat.

C)Theracoondidsomethingnopoliticiancould.

D)Theraccoonbecameasfamousassomepoliticians.

SectionBConversation

Directions：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationsyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestion-swillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion.YoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Shereceivedabonusunexpectedly.

B)Shegotawell-payingjobinabank.

CShereceivedherfirstmonthlysalary.

D)Shegotapayraiseforherperformance.

9.A)Twodecadesago.

B)Severalyearsago.

C)Justlastmonth.

D)Rightaftergraduation.

10.A)Hesentasmallchecktohisparents.

B)Hetreatedhisparentstoanicemeal.

C)Hetookafewofhisfriendstoagym.

D)Heimmediatelydepositeditinabank.

11.A)Joinhercolleaguesforgymexercise.

B)Visitherformeruniversitycampus.

C)Buysomeprofessionalclothes.

D)Budgethersalarycarefully.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Hehasjusttoomanythingstoattendto.

B)Hehasbeenoverworkedrecently.

C)Hehasadifficultdecisiontomake.

D)Hehasjustquarreledwithhisgirlfriend.

13.A)Turntohisgirlfriendforassistance.

B)Giveprioritytothingsmoreurgent.

C)Thinktwicebeforemakingthedecision.

D)Seekadvicefromhisfamilyandadvisor.

14.A)Hisgirlfrienddoesnotsupporthisdecision.

B)Heisnotparticularlykeenonthejoboffered.

C)Helacksthemoneyforhisdoctoralprogram.

D)Hisparentsandadvisorhavedifferentopinions.

15.A)Theyneedtimetomakepreparations.

B)Theyhaven"tstartedtheircareersyet.

C)Theyneedtosaveenoughmoneyforit.

D)Theyhaven"twontheirparents"approval.

SectionCPassage

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Expressingideasandopinionsfreely.

B)Enrichingsocialandintellectuallives.

C)Acquiringinformationandprofessionalknowledge.

D)Usinginformationtounderstandandsolveproblems.

17.A)Travelingtodifferentplacesintheworld.

B)Playinggamesthatchallengeone"smind.

C)Improvingmind-readingstrategies.

D)Readingclassicscientificliterature.

18.A)Participateindebatesordiscussions.

B)Exposethemselvestodifferentcultures.

C)Discardpersonalbiasesandprejudices.

D)Giveothersfreedomtoexpressthemselves.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Whydogscanbefaithfulfriendsofhumans.

B)Thenatureofrelationshipsbetweendogs.

C)Thereasonagreatmanypeoplelovedogs.

D)Howdogsfeelabouttheirbondswithhumans.

20.A)Theybehavelikeotheranimalsinmanyways.

B)Theyhaveanunusualsenseofresponsibility.

C)Theycanrespondtohumans"questions.

D)Theycanfallinlovejustlikehumans.

21.A)Theystaywithonepartnerforlife.

B)Theyhavetheirownjoysandsorrows.

C)Theyexperiencetrueromanticlove.

D)Theyhelphumansinvariousways.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Arareanimal.

B)Ahistoricalsite.

C)Acowbone.

D)Apreciousstone.

23.A)Datingit.

B)Preservingit.

C)Measuringit.

D)Identifyingit.

24.A)Thechannelneedstointerviewtheboy.

B)Theboyshouldhavecalledanexpert.

C)Theboy"sfamilyhadactedcorrectly.

D)Thesiteshouldhavebeenprotected.

25.A)Conductamoredetailedsearch.

B)AsktheuniversitytorewardJude.

C)Searchforsimilarfossilselsewhere.

D)Seekadditionalfundsforthesearch.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Finally,somegoodnewsaboutairplanetravel.Ifyouareonaplanewithasickpassenger,youareunlikelytogetsick.Thatisthe__26__ofanewstudythatlookedathowrespiratory（呼吸道）viruses__27__onairplanes.Researchersfoundthatonlypeoplewhowereseatedinthesamerowasapassengerwiththeflu,forexample--oronerowinfrontoforbehindthatindividual--hadahighriskofcatchingtheillness.Allotherpassengershadonlyavery__28__chanceofgettingsick,accordingtothefindings.Mediareportshavenotnecessarilypresented__29__informationabouttheriskofgettinginfectedonanairplaneinthepast.Therefore,thesenewfindingsshouldhelpairplanepassengerstofeelless__30__tocatchingrespiratoryinfectionswhiletravelingbyair.

Priortothenewstudy,littlewasknownabouttherisksofgetting__31__infectedbycommonrespiratoryviruses,suchasthefluorcommoncold,onanairplane,theresearcherssaid.So,to__32__therisksofinfection,thestudyteamflewon10different__33__intheU.S.duringthefluseason.Theresearchersfoundthatpassengerssittingwithintwoseatson__34__sideofapersoninfectedwiththeflu,aswellasthosesittingonerowinfrontoforbehindthisindividual,hadaboutan80percentchanceofgettingsick.Butotherpassengerswere__35__safefrominfection.Theyhadalessthan3percentchanceofcatchingtheflu.

A)accurate

B)conclusion

C)directly

D)either

E)evaluate

F)explorations

G)flights

H)largely

I)nearby

J)respond

K)slim

L)spread

M)summit

N)vividly

O)vulnerable

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.EachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

IsBreakfastReallytheMostImportantMealoftheDay?

A)Alongwitholdclassicslike"carrotsgiveyounightvision"and"Santadoesn"tbringtoystomisbehavingchildren"，oneofthemostwell-wornphrasesoftiredparentseverywhereisthatbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.Manyofusgrowupbelievingthatskippingbreakfastisaseriousmistake,evenifonlytwothirdsofadultsintheUKeatbreakfastregularly,accordingtotheBritishDieteticAssociation,andaroundthree-quartersofAmericans.

B)"Thebodyusesalotofenergystoresforgrowthandrepairthroughthenight,"explainsdietspecialistSarahElder."Eatingabalancedbreakfasthelpstoupourenergy,aswellasmakeupforproteinandcalciumusedthroughoutthenight."Butthere"swidespreaddisagreementoverwhetherbreakfastshouldkeepitstopspotinthehierarchy（等级）ofmeals.Therehavebeenconcernsaroundthesugarcontentofcerealandthefoodindustry"sinvolvementinpro-breakfastresearch--andevenoneclaimfromanacademicthatbreakfastis"dangerous"。

C)What"sthereality?Isbreakfastanecessarystarttothedayoramarketingtacticbycerealcompanies?Themostresearchedaspectofbreakfast(andbreakfast-skipping)hasbeenitslinkstoobesity.Scientistshavedifferenttheoriesastowhythere"sarelationshipbetweenthetwo.InoneUSstudythatanalysedthehealthdataof50,000peopleoversevenyears,researchersfoundthatthosewhomadebreakfastthelargestmealofthedayweremorelikelytohavealowerbodymassindex(BMI)thanthosewhoatealargelunchordinner.Theresearchersarguedthatbreakfasthelpsreducedailycalorieintakeandimprovethequalityofourdiet--sincebreakfastfoodsareoftenhigherinfibreandnutrients.

D)Butaswithanystudyofthiskind,itwasunclearifthatwasthecause--orifbreakfast-skipperswerejustmorelikelytobeoverweighttobeginwith.Tofindout,researchersdesignedastudyinwhich52obesewomentookpartina12-weekweightlossprogramme.Allhadthesamenumberofcaloriesovertheday,buthalfhadbreakfast,whiletheotherhalfdidnot.Whattheyfoundwasthatitwasn"tbreakfastitselfthatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight:itwaschangingtheirnormalroutine.

E)Ifbreakfastaloneisn"taguaranteeofweightloss,whyistherealinkbetweenobesityandbreakfast-skipping?AlexandraJohnstone,professorofappetiteresearchattheUniversityofAberdeen,arguesthatitmaysimplybebecausebreakfast-skippershavebeenfoundtobelessknowledgeableaboutnutritionandhealth."Therearealotofstudiesontherelationshipbetweenbreakfasteatingandpossiblehealthoutcomes,butthismaybebecausethosewhoeatbreakfastchoosetohabituallyhavehealth-enhancingbehaviourssuchasregularexerciseandnotsmoking,"shesays.

F)A2016reviewof10studieslookingintotherelationshipbetweenbreakfastandweightmanagementconcludedthereis"limitedevidence"supportingorrefuting（反驳）theargumentthatbreakfastinfluencesweightorfoodintake,andmoreevidenceisrequiredbeforebreakfastrecommendationscanbeusedtohelppreventobesity.

G)ResearchesfromtheUniversityofSurreyandUniversityofAberdeenarehalfwaythroughresearchlookingintothemechanismsbehindhowthetimeweeatinfluencesbodyweight.Earlyfindingssuggestthatabiggerbreakfastisbeneficialtoweightcontrol.Breakfasthasbeenfoundtoaffectmorethanjustweight.Skippingbreakfasthasbeenassociatedwitha27%increasedriskofheartdisease,a21%higherriskoftype2diabetesinmen,anda20%higherriskoftype2diabetesinwomen.Onereasonmaybebreakfast"snutritionalvalue--partlybecausecerealisfortified（增加营养价值）withvitamins.Inonestudyonthebreakfasthabitsof1,600youngpeopleintheUK,researchersfoundthatthefibreandmicronutrientintakewasbetterinthosewhohadbreakfastregularly.TherehavebeensimilarfindingsinAustralia,Brazil,CanadaandtheUS.

H)Breakfastisalsoassociatedwithimprovedbrainfunction,includingconcentrationandlanguageuse.Areviewof54studiesfoundthateatingbreakfastcanimprovememory,thoughtheeffectsonotherbrainfunctionswereinconclusive.However,oneofthereview"sresearchers,MaryBethSpitznagel,saysthereis"reasonable"evidencebreakfastdoesimproveconcentration--therejustneedstobemoreresearch."Lookingatstudiesthattestedconcentration,thenumberofstudiesshowingabenefitwasexactlythesameasthenumberthatfoundnobenefit,"shesays."Andnostudiesfoundthateatingbreakfastwasbadforconcentration."

I)What"smostimportant,someargue,iswhatweeatforbreakfast.High-proteinbreakfastshavebeenfoundparticularlyeffectiveinreducingthelongingforfoodandconsumptionlaterintheday,accordingtoresearchbytheAustralianCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisation.WhilecerealremainsafirmfavouriteamongbreakfastconsumersintheUKandUS,arecentinvestigationintothesugarcontentof"adult"breakfastcerealsfoundthatsomecerealscontainmorethanthree-quartersoftherecommendeddailyamountoffreesugarsineachportion,andsugarwasthesecondorthirdhighestingredientincereals.

J)Butsomeresearchsuggestsifwe"regoingtoeatsugaryfoods,it"sbesttodoitearly.Onestudyrecruited200obeseadultstotakepartina16-week-longdiet,wherehalfaddeddesserttotheirbreakfast,andhalfdidn"t.Thosewhoaddeddessertlostanaverageof40poundsmore--however,thestudywasunabletoshowthelong-termeffects.Areviewof54studiesfoundthatthereisnoconsensusyetonwhattypeofbreakfastishealthier,andconcludedthatthetypeofbreakfastdoesn"tmatterasmuchassimplyeatingsomething.

K)Whilethere"snoconclusiveevidenceonexactlywhatweshouldbeeatingandwhen,theconsensusisthatweshouldlistentoourownbodiesandeatwhenwe"rehungry."Breakfastismostimportantforpeoplewhoarehungrywhentheywakeup,"Johnstonesays."Eachbodystartsthedaydifferently--andthoseindividualdifferencesneedtoberesearchedmoreclosely,"Spitznagelsays."Abalancedbreakfastisreallyhelpful,butgettingregularmealsthroughoutthedayismoreimportanttoleavebloodsugarstablethroughtheday,whichhelpscontrolweightandhungerlevels,"saysElder."Breakfastisn"ttheonlymealweshouldbegettingright."

36.Accordingtooneprofessor,obesityisrelatedtoalackofbasicawarenessofnutritionandhealth.

37.Somescientistsclaimthatpeopleshouldconsumetherightkindoffoodatbreakfast.

38.Opinionsdifferastowhetherbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.

39.Ithasbeenfoundthatnotcatingbreakfastisrelatedtotheincidenceofcertaindiseasesinsomecountries.

40.Researchersfounditwasachangeineatinghabitsratherthanbreakfastitselfthatinducedweightloss.

41.Tokeeponeselfhealthy,eatingbreakfastismoreimportantthanchoosingwhattoeat.

42.Itiswidelyconsideredwrongnottoeatbreakfast.

43.Moreresearchisneededtoprovethatbreakfastisrelatedtoweightlossorfoodintake.

44.Pecoplewhoprioritisebreakfaststendtohavelowercaloriebuthighernutritionalintake.

45.Manystudiesrevealthateatingbreakfasthelpspeoplememoriseandconcentrate.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime，youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime，youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally，whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime，youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Textbooksrepresentan11billiondollarindustry,upfrom$8billionin2014.TextbookpublisherPearsonisthelargestpublisher--ofanykind--intheworld.

Itcostsabout$1milliontocreateanewtextbook.Afreshmantextbookwillhavedozensofcontributors,fromsubject-matterexpertsthroughgraphicandlayoutartiststoexpertreviewersandclassroomtesters.Textbookpublishersconnectprofessors,instructorsandstudentsinwaysthatalternatives,suchasopene-textbooksandopeneducationalresources,simplydonot.Thisconnectionhappensnotonlybymeansofcollaborativedevelopment,reviewandtesting,butalsoatconferenceswherefacultyregularlydecideontheirtextbooksandcurriculaforthecomingyear.

Itistruethattextbookpublishershaverecentlyreportedlosses,largelyduetostudentsrentingorbuyingusedprinttextbooks.Butthiscanbechalkeduptotheexcessivelyhighcostoftheirbooks--whichhasincreasedover1,000percentsince1977.Arestructuringofthetextbookindustrymaywellbeinorder.Butthisdoesnotmeantheendofthetextbookitself.

WhiletheymaynotbeasdynamicasaniPad,textbooksarenotpassiveorlifeless.Forexample,overthecenturies,theyhavesimulated（模拟）dialoguesinanumberofways.From1800tothepresentday,textbookshavedonethisbyposingquestionsforstudentstoanswerinductively（归纳性地）。Thatmeansstudentsareaskedtousetheirindividualexperiencetocomeupwithanswerstogeneralquestions.Today"spsychologytexts,forexample,ask:"Howmuchofyourpersonalitydoyouthinkyouinherited?"whileonesinphysicssay:"Howcanyoupredictwheretheballyoutossedwillland?"

Expertsobservethat"textbookscomeinlayers,somethinglikeanonion."Foranactivelearner,engagingwithatextbookcanbeaninteractiveexperience.Readersproceedattheirownpace.They"customize"theirbooksbyengagingwithdifferentlayersandlinkages.Highlighting,Post-Itnotes,dog-earsandothertechniquesallowforfurthercustomizationthatstudentsvalueinprintbooksoverdigitalformsofbooks.

46.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutopeneducationalresources?

A)Theycontributetoteachingasmuchastolearning.

B)Theydon"tprofitasmuchastraditionaltextbooksdo.

C)Theycan"tconnectprofessorsandstudentsastextbooksdo.

D)Theycompetefercelyforcustomerswithtextbookproducers.

47.Whatisthemaincauseofthepublishers"losses?

A)Failuretomeetstudentneed.

B)Industryrestructuring.

C)Emergenceofe-books.

D)Fllingsales.

48.Whatdoesthetextbookindustryneedtodo?

A)Reformitsstructures.

B)Cutitsretailprices.

C)Findreplacementsforprintedtextbooks.

D)Changeitsbusinessstrategyperiodically.

49.Whatarestudentsexpectedtodointhelearningprocess?

A)Thinkcarefullybeforeansweringeachquestion.

B)Askquestionsbasedontheirownunderstanding.

C)Answerquestionsusingtheirpersonalexperience.

D)Giveanswersshowingtheirrespectivepersonality.

50.Whatdoexpertssayaboutstudentsusingtextbooks?

A)Theycandigitalizetheprintseasily.

B)Theycanleaminaninteractiveway.

C)Theycanpurchasecustonizedversions.

D)Theycanadaptthematerialthemselves.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whenwethinkofanimalsandplants,wehaveaprettygoodwayofdividingthemintotwodistinctgroups:oneconvertssunlightintoenergyandtheotherhastoeatfoodtomakeitsenergy.Well,thosedividinglinescomecrashingdownwiththediscoveryofaseaslug（海蛞蝓）that"strulyhalfanimalandhalfplant.It"sprettyincrediblehowithasmanagedtohijackthegenesofthealgae（藻类）onwhichitfeeds.

Theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll,thegreenpigment（色素）inplantsthatcapturesenergyfromsunlight,andholdthesegeneswithintheirbody.Thetermkleptoplastyisusedtodescribethepracticeofusinghijackedgenestocreatenutrientsfromsunlight.Andsofar,thisgreenseaslugistheonlyknownanimalthatcanbetrulyconsideredsolar-powered,althoughsomeanimalsdoexhibitsomeplant-likebehaviors.Manyscientistshavestudiedthegreenseaslugstoconfirmthattheyareactuallyabletocreateenergyfromsunlight.

Infact,theslugsusethegeneticmaterialsowellthattheypassitontotheirfuturegenerations.Theirbabiesretaintheabilitytoproducetheirownchlorophyll,thoughtheycan"tgenerateenergyfromsunlightuntilthey"veeatenenoughalgaetostealthenecessarygenes,whichtheycan"tyetproduceontheirown.

"There"snowayonearththatgenesfromanalgashouldworkinsideananimalcell,"saysSidneyPiercefromtheUniversityofSouthFlorida."Andyethere,theydo.Theyallowtheanimaltorelyonsunshineforitsnutrition.Soifsomethinghappenstotheirfoodsource,theyhaveawayofnotstarvingtodeathuntiltheyfindmorealgaetoeat."

Theseaslugsaresogoodatgatheringenergyfromthesunthattheycanliveuptoninemonthswithouthavingtoeatanyfood.Theygetalltheirnutritionalneedsmetbythegenesthatthey"vehijackedfromthealgae.

51.Whatisthedistinctivefeatureofaseaslug?

A)Itlookslikebothaplantandananimal.

B)Itconvertssomeseaanimalsintoplants.

C)Itliveshalfonanimalsandhalfonplants.

D)Itgetsenergyfrombothfoodandsunlight.

52.Whatenablestheseaslugtolivelikeaplant?

A)Thegenesitcapturesfromtheseaplantalgae.

B)Themechanismbywhichitconservesenergy.

C)Thenutrientsithjacksfromotherspecies.

D)Thegreenpigmentitinberitsfromitsancestors.

53.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutbabyseaslugs?

A)Theycanlivewithoutsunlightforalongtime.

B)Theycanabsorbsunlightrightaftertheirbirth.

C)Theycansurvivewithoutalgacforquitesometime.

D)Theycanproducechlorophylontheirown.

54.WhatdoesSidneyPiercesayaboutgenesfomanalga?

A)Theyarestolenfromanimalsliketheseaslug.

B)Theycan"tfunctionunlessexposedtosunlight.

C)Theydon"tusuallyfunctioninsideanimalcells.

D)Theycanreadilybeconvertedtoscasluggencs.

55.Whatdowelearnaboutseaslugsfromthepassage?

A)Theybehavethewaymostplantspeciesdo.

B)Theycansurviveformonthswithouteating.

C)Theywillturnintoplantswhentheymature.

D)Theywillstarvetodeathwithoutsunlight.

PartIVTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。

四级真题参考答案（完整版）

PartIWriting

DearMike,

How"severythinggoing?LasttimeyousaidyoufeltinclinedtolearnChinesebuthadnocluewheretostart.SoI"mwritingtorecommendaplacetoyou--theConfuciusInstitute,anestablishedlanguagecenteraimedtopromoteChineselanguageandculture.

Thereasonsformyrecommendationareasfollows.Firstly,thisChinesegovernment-fundededucationalinstituteisstaffedbythemostexperienced,professionalChineseteachers,whichensureshigh-qualityinstruction.Youcanturntothemwheneveryouencounterdifficultiesinmasteringthetonesandthecharacters.Secondly,studentsthereareencouragedtotakepartinactivitiesrangingfrommakingtraditionalfoodtolearningclligraphy,asameansofexposingthemtotheappealingaspectsofChineseculture.Besides,theorganizationisnowwidelyembracedbymorethantwomillionstudents.Thatmeansyouaren"taloneasabeginnerandwillprobablyforgedeepfriendshipswithotherlearmers.

Learmingalanguagefromscratchwon"tbeeasy.ButIbelieveyou"llfindyourselfhavingfunwhileimprovingyourChineseproficiency.

Bestwishes,

LiHua

PartⅡListeningComprehension

1.A

2.D

3.B

4.C

5.D

6.A

7.C

8.C

9.A

10.B

11.A

12.C

13.D

14.D

15.B

16.D

17.B

18.A

19.B

20.D

21.A

22.C

23.B

24.C

25.A

PartIIIReadingComprehension

26-35：BLKAOCEGDH

36-45：EIBGDJAFCH

46-55：CDACBDADCB

PartIVTranslation

China"sfamilyvaluesarerelatedtoitsculturaltraditions.Harmoniousextendedfamiliesusedtobeveryenviable.Itwasnotuncommoninthepastforfourgenerationsofafamilytoliveunderthesameroof.Accordingtothetradition,manyyoungpeoplecontinuedtolivewiththeirparentsaftermarriage.Today,thattraditionischanging.Ashousingconditionsimprove,moreandmoreyoungcouplesareoptingtoliveapartfromtheirparents.Buttheconnectionsbetweenthemstillremainstrong.Manyoldpeoplestillhelptolookaftertheirgrandchildren.Andyoungcouplestaketimetovisittheirparents,especiallyduringimportantfestivalssuchastheSpringFestivalandtheMid-AutumnFestival.